1st Edition
Green Chemistry Laboratory Manual for General Chemistry
Green chemistry involves designing novel ways to create and synthesize products and implement processes that will eliminate or greatly reduce negative environmental impacts. The Green Chemistry Laboratory Manual for General Chemistry provides educational laboratory materials that challenge students with the customary topics found in a general chemistry laboratory manual, while encouraging them to investigate the practice of green chemistry.
Following a consistent format, each lab experiment begins with objectives and prelab questions highlighting important issues that must be understood prior to getting started. This is followed by detailed step-by-step procedures for performing the experiments. Students report specific results in sections designated for data, observations, and calculations. Once each experiment is completed, analysis questions test students’ comprehension of the results. Additional questions encourage inquiry-based investigations and further research about how green chemistry principles compare with traditional, more hazardous experimental methods. By placing the learned concepts within the larger context of green chemistry principles, the lab manual enables students to see how these principles can be applied to real-world issues.
Performing laboratory exercises through green experiments results in a safer learning environment, limits the quantity of hazardous waste generated, and reduces the cost for chemicals and waste disposal. Students using this manual will gain a greater appreciation for green chemistry principles and the possibilities for future use in their chosen careers.
Determining the percent of water in epsom salt
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determination of the formula of a copper supplement
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determination of mass and mole relationships in a chemical reaction
Example
Atom economy
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Finding ethanol's molar mass using vapor density
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determining molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determining the enthalpy change for solvation reactions
Example
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Spectroscopic determination of food dye in popsicles
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Separation of food dyes by paper chromatography
Example Rf calculation
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
What is the best solution to lower a freezing point?
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Standardization of a sodium hydroxide solution
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determining the amount of acid in ketchup and hot sauce
Example: Calculating the moles of acid in diet cola
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Using an appropriate indicator for acid-base titrations
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Preparation and properties of buffer solutions
Example
Calculations
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determination of the rate of reaction and its order
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Equilibrium constant for ferric ion-salicylic acid complex determination
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Determination of amount of ascorbic acid in a vitamin C tablet by redox titration
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Qualitative analysis of metal cations and using ion-selective electrodes
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Analysis
Think Green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
How to determine the order of an electrochemical series
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Voltaic cells and how batteries are made
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Synthesis and chemical analysis of sodium iron (III) EDTA
Example
Example
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Analysis of biodiesel synthesized from canola oil
Objective
Prelab questions
Procedure
Data
Observations
Calculations
Analysis
Think green
Presidential green chemistry challenge
Biography
Sally A. Henrie is a professor of chemistry at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee, and has been in chemical education for over 16 years. Dr. Henrie has taught various courses and laboratories, including Fundamentals of Chemistry, General Chemistry Laboratory, Organic Chemistry, Organic/Inorganic Synthesis, Survey of Chemical Instrumentation, Advanced Organic Chemistry, and Environmental Chemistry. She is also involved in mentoring undergraduate research students in chemical education and dendrimer research. Dr. Henrie previously worked as a junior research chemist for Phelps Dodge Corporation, plant chemist for Mount Pleasant Chemical Company, and materials lab supervisor/process engineer for Whirlpool Corporation. While working in industry, she contributed to various environmentally related projects.
"…a welcome change and direction for enriching the laboratory experience of students."
— Colin F. Poole, Wayne State University, in Chromatographia."This book is designed as a laboratory manual ready to be used by students. It’s suitable for late secondary or elementary tertiary-level courses. … experiments highlight a feature also found in other chapters – the links made between chemistry and everyday life. This problem-based approach has to be lauded. Overall, this book provides an introduction to green chemistry and engages students in the process of challenging traditional methods by benchmarking them against the 12 principles of green chemistry."
— Thomas Logothetis, for Education in Chemistry, August 2016.