419 Pages 16 Color & 153 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    419 Pages
    by CRC Press

    419 Pages 16 Color & 153 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Many oil production processes present a significant challenge to the oil and gas field processing facilities and equipment design. The optimization of the sequential operations of handling the oil–gas mixture can be a major factor in increasing oil and gas production rates and reducing operating costs.

    Petroleum and Gas Field Processing provides an all-inclusive guide to surface petroleum operations and solves these and other problems encountered in the field processing of oil and gas. Fully revised and updated to reflect major changes over the past decade or so, this second edition builds on the success attained in the first edition. It delivers an expanded and updated treatment that covers the principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products.

    With five new chapters, this second edition covers additional subjects, in particular natural gas, economics and profitability, oil field chemicals, and piping and pumps. The book also contains worked-out examples and case studies from a variety of oil field operations.

    BACKGROUND

    Oil and Gas from Formation to Production
    Introduction
    Formation and Accumulation of Oil and Gas
    Life Cycle of Oil and Gas Fields
    Finding Oil and Gas: Exploration
    Types of Petroleum Reservoirs
    Development of Oil and Gas Fields
    Drilling Engineering and Operations
    Reservoir Engineering Role and Functions
    Production Engineering: Role and Functions

    Principal Field Processing Operations: A Preview
    Gas–Oil Separation
    Oil Dehydration and Emulsion Treatment
    Desalting
    Stabilization and Sweetening
    Storage Tanks
    Gas Sweetening
    Gas Dehydration
    Recovery and Separation of Natural Gas Liquids
    Fractionation of Natural Gas Liquids

    Composition, Types of Crude Oil, and Oil Products
    Introduction: Facts about Crude Oil
    Crude Oil Composition
    Classification of Crude Oils
    Crude Oil Comparisons and Crude Oil Assay
    Crude Oil Products

    Composition and Characteristics of Natural Gas
    Background
    Sources and Origin of Natural Gas
    Composition
    Properties and Gas Specs
    Natural Gas Processing
    Applications and Uses

    Role of Economics in Oil and Gas Field Operations
    Depreciation and Depletion in Oil Production
    Total Production Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas
    Financial Measures and Profitability Analysis

    SEPARATION OF PRODUCED FLUIDS

    Two-Phase Gas–Oil Separation
    Introduction
    How to Handle the Separation Problem
    How to Explain Theory of Gas–Oil Separation
    Methods Used in Separation
    Gas–Oil Separation Equipment
    Design Principles and Sizing of Gas–Oil Separators

    Optimum Pressure for Gas–Oil Separators
    Selections and Performance of Gas–Oil Separators
    Flash Calculations

    Three-Phase Oil–Water–Gas Separators
    Introduction
    Three-Phase Horizontal Separators
    Three-Phase Vertical Separators
    Separation Theory
    Separator Sizing Equations and Rules

    CRUDE OIL TREATMENT

    Emulsion Treatment and Dehydration of Crude Oil
    Introduction
    Oil Emulsions
    Dehydration/Treating Processes
    Heating
    Chemical Treatment
    Electrical Aid
    Chemielectric Dehydrators (Emulsion Treaters)
    Design of Treaters

    Desalting of Crude Oil
    Introduction
    Salt Content of Crude Oil
    Description of the Desalting Process
    Electrostatic Desalting
    Water of Dilution
    Effect of Operating Parameters
    Design Considerations
    Troubleshooting

    Stabilization and Sweetening of Crude Oil
    Introduction
    Stabilization Processes
    Types of Trayed Stabilizers
    Nonrefluxed Stabilizers
    Main Features and Applications of Stabilizers
    Crude Oil Sweetening

    Other Treatment Options
    Introduction
    Case 1: Economic Treatment for Market Value Added (MVA)
    Case 2: Economic Treatment for Sales Value Added (SVA)
    Case 3: Other Treatments

    GAS HANDLING AND TREATMENT

    Sour Gas Treatment
    Introduction
    Gas-Sweetening Processes
    Selection of Sweetening Process
    Batch Processes
    Liquid-Phase Processes
    Direct Conversion Processes

    Gas Dehydration
    Introduction
    Prediction of Hydrate Formation
    Methods Used to Inhibit Hydrate Formation
    Absorption (Glycol Dehydration Process)
    Adsorption: Solid-Bed Dehydration
    Simulation Problem for Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Dehydrator

    Separation and Production of Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
    Introduction
    Recovery and Separation of NGLs
    Fractionation of NGLs
    Synthesis of Separation (Distillation) Sequences
    NGL Products

    SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITIES

    Produced Water Management and Disposal
    Background
    Produced Water Quality Characterization
    Produced Water Treatment System
    Water Treatment Equipment.
    Offshore Water Disposal Equipment.
    Design of Water Treatment and Disposal Equipment

    Field Storage Tanks, Vapor Recovery System (VRS), and Tank Blanketing
    Field Storage Tanks
    Vapor Recovery System
    Tank Blanketing

    Oil Field Chemicals (OFC)
    Introduction
    Evaluation and Selection
    Classification of Chemicals
    Corrosion Inhibitors and Scale Inhibitors
    Biocides
    De-Emulsifiers
    Surfactants
    Desalting Chemicals
    Pour Point Depressants
    Chemicals Used in Gas Treatment and Processing

    Piping and Pumps
    Pipelines
    Pumps

    Appendix A: Conversion Tables

    Appendix B: Values for Gas Constant

    Biography

    Hussein K. Abdel-Aal, professor emeritus for the National Research Center (NRC), Cairo, Egypt and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Mohamed A. Aggour , Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha M. A. Fahim, Kuwait University, Safat