This book reviews the science and technology necessary to understand, predict, and simulate the phenomena associated with intense dynamic loading of matter. The book begins with background information on shock wave phenomena in materials and how they are measured. This includes materials with strength, materials undergoing dynamic phase transformations, and material fracturing. The authors then cover the phenomena associated with detonations, where the chemical energy release of an explosive is an integral part of the hydrodynamics and describe the formation and application of the semi-empirical equation of state. They develop the numerical techniques for doing realistic computer simulations of complicated dynamical processes associated with impacts. The book closes with reviews simulations, compared with experiments, for a variety of dynamic loading events, including laser and electron beam interactions with metals, high explosive loading of iron, and impacts of cometary dust on the Vega space probe as it crossed the tail of Hailey's comet.
Stresses and Strains in a Solid Body
Equations of One-Dimensional Motion of Compressible Media, Shock Waves
Interpretation of Detection Data on Compression and Rarefaction Waves
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF THE PHYSICS OF HIGH DYNAMIC PRESSURE
Explosive Generation of Dynamic Pressure
Ballistic Experiments with a Shock Wave
Promising Sources of High Dynamic Pressure
Discrete Measurement of Wave and Mass Velocities
Pressure Profiles Recorded with Manganin Sensors
Measurement of the Velocity of Matter
ELASTOPLASTIC PROPERTIES OF SHOCK-LOADED SOLIDS
Basic Relationships and Models
Moduli of Elasticity and the Velocity of Sound in Shock Compressed Metals
Dynamic Yield Point
Structure of Plastic Compression Waves
Compression and Rarefaction Waves in Shock-Compressed Metals
Compaction of Porous Media in Shock Waves
Catastrophic Thermoplastic Shear under Dynamic Deformation. Impact Compression of Brittle Materials
Methods of Studying High Dynamic Deformations
Microscopic Models of Strain Dynamics
EVOLUTION OF LOAD PULSES IN MEDIA WITH POLYMORPHIC PHASE TRANSITIONS
The Structure of Compression and Release Waves in Iron
The Graphite to Diamond Transition under Shock Compression
Properties of the Phase Transition Induced by Shock
FRACTURE UNDER PULSED LOADING. SPALLING STRENGTH
Dynamics of Wave Interactions During Spalling
Spalling Strength of Metals
Work of Spalling Fracture
Determination if Tensile Stress Behind the Spall Plane
Resistance of Polymers, Brittle Materials, and Liquids to Spalling Fracture
Mechanism and Kinetics of Dynamic Fracture of Metals
SHOCK AND DETONATION WAVES IN SOLID EXPLOSIVES
Basic Concepts and Models
Kinetics of Dissociation of Explosives Deduced from Analyses of Evolution of Shock Waves
Semiempirical Macrokinetic Equations of Solid Explosives
MODEL EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR A WIDE RANGE OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
General Analysis of Phase Diagram
Quasi-Harmonic Model of a Solid
Equation of State for Condensed Phase at High Temperatures
Evaporation Effects and Generalized Equations of State
Tabulated and Approximate Equations of States
GENERALIZED EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR METALS
Cold Compression Curve
Electron Component
Thermal Excitation of the Crystal Lattice
Liquid Phase
Procedure for Constructing Semiempirical Equations of State for Metals
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF METALS
Aluminum
Copper
Lead
Lithium
FURTHER BRIEF NOTES ON CONTINUUM MECHANICS
Equation of Motion
Shock Waves
Characteristic Form of Gas-Dynamic Equations. Simple Waves
The Structure of a Shock Wave
Decay of a Random Discontinuity in Hydrodynamics
Equation of Motion for Porous Condensed Media
DYNAMICS OF CONDENSED MEDIA WITH ALLOWANCE FOR THEIR STRENGTH
Equations of Motion. Divergence Form
Characteristics Form on Equations of Motion
Simple Waves
Shock Waves in a Hyperelastic Medium
Decay of an Arbitrary Discontinuity
Equations of Motion for a Hyperelastic Medium in an Arbitrary Curvilinear Set of Coordinates
Equations of Motion of a Maxwell Viscoelastic Medium
Nonlinear Waves in a Viscoelastic Medium
BRIEF REVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE DYNAMICS OF CONDENSED MEDIA
Method of Particles in Cells
Method of Large Particles
Godunov's Method
Lagrangian Methods
NUMERICAL MODELING OF CONDENSED MEDIA UNDER INTENSIVE PULSED LOADING
Tabulated Form of the Equation of State
High-Speed Collisions
Irregular Collisions of Strong Shock Waves in Metals
Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Relativistic High-Current and High-Energy Ion Beams on Metal Targets
Effect of an Explosion on an Iron Plate
Impactor Penetration of an Obstacle of Finite Thickness
Impact of a Micrometerorite on a Spacecraft Shield
References
Index
Biography
A. V. Bushman
"...this book should prove rewarding to those interested in the various aspects of intense dynamic loading...[readers] will find it challenging and illuminating. The listing of more than 500 referenes is in itself an extremely impressive achievement." -- Current Engineering Practice
