1st Edition
Deterministic Methods in Systems Hydrology IHE Delft Lecture Note Series
Deterministic Methods in Systems Hydrology presents the basic theory underlying the multitude of parameter-rich models which dominate the hydrological literature. Its objectives are to introduce the elements of systems science as applied to hydrological problems; to present flood prediction and flood routing as problems in linear systems theory, clarifying the basic assumptions and evaluating their accuracy; and to review and to evaluate some deterministic models of components of the hydrological cycle, with a view to assembling the most appropriate model of catchment response, for a particular problem in applied hydrology. The material is developed in two parts: the first four chapters present the systems viewpoint, the nature of hydrological systems, some systems mathematics and their application to direct storm runoff. The final four chapters cover linear conceptual models of direct runoff, the fitting of conceptual models to data, simple models of subsurface flow and non-linear deterministic models.
PREFACE
1 THE SYSTEMS VIEWPOINT
- 1.1 Nature of systems approach
- 1.2 Systems terminology
- 1.3 Linear time-invariant systems
- 1.4 Discrete forms of convolution equation
- 1.5 Suggestions for further reading
2 NATURE OF HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEMS
- 2.1 The hydrological cycle as a system
- 2.2 Unit hydrograph methods
- 2.3 Identification of hydrological systems
- 2.4 Simulation of hydrological systems
3 SOME SYSTEMS MATHEMATICS
- 3.1 Matrix methods
- 3.2 Optimisation
- 3.3 Orthogonal functions
- 3.4 Application to systems analysis
- 3.5 Fourier and Laplace transforms
- 3.6 Differential equations
- 3.7 References on systems mathematics
4 BLACK-BOX ANALYSIS OF DIRECT STORM RUNOFF
- 4.1 The problem of system identification
- 4.2 Outline of numerical experimentation
- 4.3 Direct algebraic methods of identification
- 4.4 Optimisation methods of unit hydrograph derivation
- 4.5 Unit hydrograph derivation through z-transforms
- 4.6 Unit hydrograph derivation by harmonic analysis
- 4.7 Unit hydrograph derivation by Meixner analysis
- 4.8 Overall comparison of identification methods
5 LINEAR CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF DIRECT RUNOFF
- 5.1 Synthetic unit hydrographs
- 5.2 Comparison of conceptual models
- 5.3 Cascades of linear reservoirs
- 5.4 Limiting forms of cascade models
6 FITTING THE MODEL TO THE DATA
- 6.1 Use of moment matching
- 6.2 Effect of data errors on conceptual models
- 6.3 Fitting one-parameter models
- 6.4 Fitting two- and three-parameter models
- 6.5 Regional analysis of data
7 SIMPLE MODELS OF SUBSURFACE FLOW
- 7.1 Flow through porous media
- 7.2 Steady percolation and steady capillary rise
- 7.3 Formulae for ponded infiltration
- 7.4 Simple conceptual models of infiltration
- 7.5 Effect of the water table
- 7.6 Groundwater storage and outflow
8 NON-LINEAR DETERMINISTIC MODELS
- 8.1 Non-linearity in hydrology
- 8.2 The problem of overland flow
- 8.3 Linearisation of non-linear systems
- 8.4 Non-linear black-box analysis
- 8.5 Concept of uniform non-linearity
PROBLEM SET
- Runoff prediction
- System identification
- Unit hydrograph derivation
- Conceptual models
- Comparing models
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ENCOMIUM
REFERENCES
- Appendix A — PICOMO: A Program for the Identification of Conceptual Models
- Appendix B — Inverse Problems are III-Posed
- Appendix C —The Non-Linearity of the Unsaturated Zone
- Appendix D — Unsteady Flow in Open Channels
INDEX
Biography
For many years Professor James C. I. Dooge was invited to the IHE in Delft to present a short series of lectures (1968-1981) on Deterministic Hydrology to IHE's International Course for Hydrologists. This book is largely based on the lecture notes he used. In 1992 Professor Dooge was made an Honorary Fellow of IHE. Subsequently, Professor J. Philip O'Kane delivered the lectures to the international students attending what is now known as the Master Programme in Hydrology and Water Resources. He is the author of the PICOMO program that accompanies the book. The software is downloadable from the IHE website. Both authors have worked together to revise and extend the text for publication.
