1st Edition
MXenes From Discovery to Applications of Two-Dimensional Metal Carbides and Nitrides
Since their discovery in 2011, MXenes (2D carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of early transition metals) have developed into one of the largest and most intensively studied families of 2D materials. They offer unique properties and are being explored in a large variety of applications. This book compiles the most important research from a pioneer of the field, Professor Yury Gogotsi, and his interdisciplinary research team, as well as numerous collaborators worldwide. It reports on the discovery and rise of MXenes and describes their synthesis and processing, properties, and incorporation into polymer, ceramic, and metal matrices to produce composites. It also discusses the potential of MXenes for use in energy storage, optics, electronics, and sensing, as well as biomedical, environmental, and electrocatalysis applications. The book will appeal to anyone interested in nanomaterials and their synthesis, properties, and applications.
INTRODUCTION
1. The Rise of MXenes
Yury Gogotsi and Babak Anasori
DISCOVERY
2. Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2
Michael Naguib, Murat Kurtoglu, Volker Presser, Jun Lu, Junjie Niu, Min Heon, Lars Hultman, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum
3. Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides
Michael Naguib, Olha Mashtalir, Joshua Carle, Volker Presser, Jun Lu, Lars Hultman, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum
4. Two-Dimensional, Ordered, Double Transition Metals Carbides
Babak Anasori, Yu Xie, Majid Beidaghi, Jun Lu, Brian C. Hosler, Lars Hultman, Paul R. C. Kent, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum
5. Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Titanium Nitride Ti4N3
Patrick Urbankowski, Babak Anasori, Taron Makaryan, Dequan Er, Sankalp Kota, Patrick L. Walsh, Mengqiang Zhao, Vivek B. Shenoy, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi
6. Synthesis of Mo4VAlC4 MAX Phase and Two-Dimensional Mo4VC4 MXene with Five Atomic Layers of Transition Metals
Grayson Deysher, Christopher Eugene Shuck, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Nathan C. Frey, Alexandre C. Foucher, Kathleen Maleski, Asia Sarycheva, Vivek B. Shenoy, Eric A. Stach, Babak Anasori, and Yury Gogotsi
PROPERTIES
7. Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides
Kanit Hantanasirisakul and Yury Gogotsi
8. Elastic Properties of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Monolayers and Bilayers
Alexey Lipatov, Haidong Lu, Mohamed Alhabeb, Babak Anasori, Alexei Gruverman, Yury Gogotsi, and Alexander Sinitskii
9. Control of MXenes’ Electronic Properties through Termination and Intercalation
James L. Hart, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Andrew C. Lang, Babak Anasori, David Pinto, Yevheniy Pivak, J. Tijn van Omme, Steven J. May, Yury Gogotsi, and Mitra L. Taheri
10. High-Temperature Behavior and Surface Chemistry of Carbide MXenes Studied by Thermal Analysis
Mykola Seredych, Christopher Eugene Shuck, David Pinto, Mohamed Alhabeb, Eliot Precetti, Grayson Deysher, Babak Anasori, Narendra Kurra, and Yury Gogotsi
11. Electrochromic Effect in Titanium Carbide MXene Thin Films Produced by Dip-Coating
Pol Salles, David Pinto, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Kathleen Maleski, Christopher E. Shuck, and Yury Gogotsi
12. Effects of Synthesis and Processing on Optoelectronic Properties of Titanium Carbonitride MXene
Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Mohamed Alhabeb, Alexey Lipatov, Kathleen Maleski, Babak Anasori, Pol Salles, Chanoknan Ieosakulrat, Pasit Pakawatpanurut, Alexander Sinitskii, Steven J. May, and Yury Gogotsi
13. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of the Structure and Surface Chemistry of Ti3C2Tx MXene
Asia Sarycheva and Yury Gogotsi
SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING
14. Intercalation and Delamination of Layered Carbides and Carbonitrides
Olha Mashtalir, Michael Naguib, Vadym N. Mochalin, Yohan Dall’Agnese, Min Heon, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi
15. Conductive Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide ‘Clay’ with High Volumetric Capacitance
Michael Ghidiu, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Yury Gogotsi, and Michel W. Barsoum
16. Amine-Assisted Delamination of Nb2C MXene for Li-Ion Energy Storage Devices
Olha Mashtalir, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi
17. Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide
Mohamed Alhabeb, Kathleen Maleski, Babak Anasori, Pavel Lelyukh, Leah Clark, Saleesha Sin, and Yury Gogotsi
18. Selective Etching of Silicon from Ti3SiC2 (MAX) to Obtain 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)
Mohamed Alhabeb, Kathleen Maleski, Tyler S. Mathis, Asia Sarycheva, Christine B. Hatter, Simge Uzun, Ariana Levitt, and Yury Gogotsi
19. Additive-Free MXene Inks and Direct Printing of Micro-Supercapacitors
Chuanfang (John) Zhang, Lorcan McKeon, Matthias P. Kremer, Sang-Hoon Park, Oskar Ronan, Andrés Seral-Ascaso, Sebastian Barwich, Cormac Ó Coileáin, Niall McEvoy, Hannah C. Nerl, Babak Anasori, Jonathan N. Coleman, Yury Gogotsi, and Valeria Nicolosi
20. Additive-Free MXene Liquid Crystals and Fibers
Jizhen Zhang, Simge Uzun, Shayan Seyedin, Peter A. Lynch, Bilen Akuzum, Zhiyu Wang, Si Qin, Mohamed Alhabeb, Christopher E. Shuck, Weiwei Lei, E. Caglan Kumbur, Wenrong Yang, Xungai Wang, Genevieve Dion, Joselito M. Razal, and Yury Gogotsi
21. Scalable Manufacturing of Free-Standing, Strong Ti3C2Tx MXene Films with Outstanding Conductivity
Jizhen Zhang, Na Kong, Simge Uzun, Ariana Levitt, Shayan Seyedin, Peter A. Lynch, Si Qin, Meikang Han, Wenrong Yang, Jingquan Liu, Xungai Wang, Yury Gogotsi, and Joselito M. Razal
22. Scalable Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene
Christopher E. Shuck, Asia Sarycheva, Mark Anayee, Ariana Levitt, Yuanzhe Zhu, Simge Uzun, Vitaliy Balitskiy, Veronika Zahorodna, Oleksiy Gogotsi, and Yury Gogotsi
COMPOSITES
23. Flexible and Conductive MXene Films and Nanocomposites with High Capacitance
Zheng Ling, Chang E. Ren, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Jian Yang, James M. Giammarco, Jieshan Qiu, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi
24. Flexible MXene/Graphene Films for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with Outstanding Volumetric Capacitance
Jun Yan, Chang E. Ren, Kathleen Maleski, Christine B. Hatter, Babak Anasori, Patrick Urbankowski, Asya Sarycheva, and Yury Gogotsi
25. Cold Sintered Ceramic Nanocomposites of 2D MXene and Zinc Oxide
Jing Guo, Benjamin Legum, Babak Anasori, Ke Wang, Pavel Lelyukh, Yury Gogotsi, and Clive A Randall
26. Colloidal Gelation in Liquid Metals Enables Functional Nanocomposites of 2D Metal Carbides and Lightweight Metals
Vladislav Kamysbayev, Nicole M. James, Alexander S. Filatov, Vishwas Srivastava, Babak Anasori, Heinrich M Jaeger, Yury Gogotsi, and Dmitri V. Talapin
ENERGY STORAGE
27. MXene: A Promising Transition Metal Carbide Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Michael Naguib, Jérémy Come, Boris Dyatkin, Volker Presser, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi
28. Cation Intercalation and High Volumetric Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide
Maria R. Lukatskaya, Olha Mashtalir, Chang E. Ren, Yohan Dall’Agnese, Patrick Rozier, Pierre Louis Taberna, Michael Naguib, Patrice Simon, Michel W. Barsoum, and Yury Gogotsi
29. 2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides for Energy Storage
Babak Anasori, Maria R. Lukatskaya, and Yury Gogotsi
30. Ultra-High-Rate Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides
Maria R. Lukatskaya, Sankalp Kota, Zifeng Lin, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Netanel Shpigel, Mikhael D. Levi, Joseph Halim, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Michel W. Barsoum, Patrice Simon, and Yury Gogotsi
31. Thickness-Independent Capacitance of Vertically Aligned Liquid-Crystalline MXenes
Yu Xia, Tyler S. Mathis, Meng-Qiang Zhao, Babak Anasori, Alei Dang, Zehang Zhou, Hyesung Cho, Yury Gogotsi, and Shu Yang
32. High Capacity Silicon Anodes Enabled by MXene Viscous Aqueous Ink
Chuanfang (John) Zhang, Sang-Hoon Park, Andrés Seral-Ascaso, Sebastian Barwich, Niall McEvoy, Conor S. Boland, Jonathan N. Coleman, Yury Gogotsi, and Valeria Nicolosi
33. Influences from Solvents on Charge Storage in Titanium Carbide MXenes
Xuehang Wang, Tyler S. Mathis, Ke Li, Zifeng Lin, Lukas Vlcek, Takeshi Torita, Naresh C. Osti, Christine Hatter, Patrick Urbankowski, Asia Sarycheva, Madhusudan Tyagi, Eugene Mamontov, Patrice Simon, and Yury Gogotsi
BIOMEDICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS
34. Charge- and Size-Selective Ion Sieving through Ti3C2Tx MXene Membranes
Chang E. Ren, Kelsey B. Hatzell, Mohamed Alhabeb, Zheng Ling, Khaled A. Mahmoud, and Yury Gogotsi
35. Single Platinum Atoms Immobilized on an MXene as an Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Jinqiang Zhang, Yufei Zhao, Xin Guo, Chen Chen, Chung-Li Dong, Ru-Shi Liu, Chih-Pin Han, Yadong Li, Yury Gogotsi, and Guoxiu Wang
36. MXene Molecular Sieving Membranes for Highly Efficient Gas Separation
Li Ding, Yanying Wei, Libo Li, Tao Zhang, Haihui Wang, Jian Xue, Liang-Xin Ding, Suqing Wang, Jürgen Caro, and Yury Gogotsi
37. MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate: A Step toward the Wearable Artificial Kidney
Fayan Meng, Mykola Seredych, Chi Chen, Victor Gura, Sergey Mikhalovsky, Susan Sandeman, Ganesh Ingavle, Tochukwu Ozulumba, Ling Miao, Babak Anasori, and Yury Gogotsi
38. A Gel-Free Ti3C2Tx-Based Electrode Array for High-Density, High-Resolution Surface Electromyography
Brendan B. Murphy, Patrick J. Mulcahey, Nicolette Driscoll, Andrew G. Richardson, Gregory T. Robbins, Nicholas V. Apollo, Kathleen Maleski, Timothy H. Lucas, Yury Gogotsi, Timothy Dillingham, and Flavia Vitale
APPLICATIONS IN OPTICS, ELECTRONICS AND SENSING
39. Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with 2D Transition Metal Carbides
Faisal Shahzad, Mohamed Alhabeb, Christine B. Hatter, Babak Anasori, Soon Man Hong, Chong Min Koo, and Yury Gogotsi
40. 2D Titanium Carbide for Wireless Communication
Asia Sarycheva, Alessia Polemi, Yuqiao Liu, Kapil Dandekar, Babak Anasori, and Yury Gogotsi
41. Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene Gas Sensors with Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Seon Joon Kim, Hyeong-Jun Koh, Chang E. Ren, Ohmin Kwon, Kathleen Maleski, Soo-Yeon Cho, Babak Anasori, Choong-Ki Kim, Yang-Kyu Choi, Jihan Kim, Yury Gogotsi, and Hee-Tae Jung
42. Surface-Modified Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
Lin Yang, Chunxiang Dall’Agnese, Yohan Dall’Agnese, Gang Chen, Yu Gao, Yoshitaka Sanehira, Ajay Kumar Jena, Xiao-Feng Wang, Yury Gogotsi, and Tsutomu Miyasaka
43. Anomalous Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves by 2D Transition Metal Carbonitride Ti3CNTx
Aamir Iqbal, Faisal Shahzad, Kanit Hantanasirisakul, Myung-Ki Kim, Jisung Kwon, Junpyo Hong, Hyerim Kim, Daesin Kim, Yury Gogotsi, Chong Min Koo
44. Beyond Ti3C2Tx: MXenes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Meikang Han, Christopher Eugene Shuck, Roman Rakhmanov, David Parchment, Babak Anasori, Chong Min Koo, Gary Friedman, and Yury Gogotsi
Biography
Yury Gogotsi is director of the A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Distinguished University Professor and Charles T. and Ruth M. Bach Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Drexel University. He received his MS in metallurgy (1984) and PhD in physical chemistry (1986) from Kyiv Polytechnic and DSc degree from the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1995. He works on 2D carbides and nitrides (MXenes), which he discovered with his students and collaborators, and their applications in energy, environmental protection, electronics, and medicine.
"This book collects some important publications on MXenes, discovered by Prof. Yury Gogotsi and his colleagues Prof. Michel Barsoum and Dr Michael Naguib. MXene is a rising star in two-dimensional materials and shows its great potential in electrochemical storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, optoelectronics, catalysts, and medicine. Readers will get to know how this wonderful material was born at Drexel University and what a splendid journey it has been to understand its structure–property relationships."
—Prof. Qing Huang, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
