2nd Edition
Electric Machines Steady State and Performance with MATLAB®
With its comprehensive coverage of the state of the art, this Second Edition introduces basic types of transformers and electric machines. Classifications and characterization—modeling and performance—of power electric transformers (single and multiphase), motors and generators, commercial machines (dc brush, induction dc excited synchronous, PM synchronous, reluctance synchronous) and some new ones (multiphase ac machines, switched reluctance machines) with great potential for industry with rotary or linear motion are all treated in the book.
The book covers, in detail, circuit modeling characteristics and performance characteristics under steady state, testing techniques and preliminary electromagnetic-thermic dimensioning with lots of solved numerical examples and special cases to illustrate new electric machines with strong industrialization potential. All formulae used to characterize parameters and performance may be safely used in industry for preliminary designs and have been applied in the book through numerical solved examples of industrial interest.
Numerous computer simulation programs in MATLAB® and Simulink® that illustrate performance characteristics present in the chapters are included and many be used as homework to facilitate a deeper understanding of fundamental issues.
This book is intended for a first-semester course covering electric transformers, rotary and linear machines, steady-state modeling and performance computation, preliminary dimensioning, and testing standardized and innovative techniques. The textbook may be used by R&D engineers in industry as all machine parameters and characteristics are calculated by ready-to-use industrial design mathematical expressions.
1 Introduction
1.1 Electric Energy and Electric Machines
1.2 Basic Types of Transformers and Electric Machines
1.3 Losses and Efficiency
1.4 Physical Limitations and Ratings
1.5 Nameplate Ratings
1.6 Methods of Analysis
1.7 State of the Art and Perspective 17
1.8 Summary
1.9 Proposed Problems
References
2 Electric Transformers
2.1 AC Coil with Magnetic Core and Transformer Principles
2.2 Magnetic Materials in EMs and Their Losses
2.3 Electric Conductors and Their Skin Effects
2.4 Components of Single- and 3-Phase Transformers
2.5 Flux Linkages and Inductances of Single-Phase Transformers
2.6 Circuit Equations of Single-Phase Transformers with Core Losses
2.7 Steady State and Equivalent Circuit
2.8 No-Load Steady State (I2 = 0)/Lab 2.1
2.9 Steady-State Short-Circuit Mode/Lab 2.2
2.10 Single-Phase Transformers: Steady-State Operation on Load/Lab 2.3
2.11 Three-Phase Transformers: Phase Connections
2.12 Particulars of 3-Phase Transformers on No Load
2.13 General Equations of 3-Phase Transformers
2.13.1 Inductance Measurement/Lab 2.4
2.14 Unbalanced Load Steady State in 3-Phase Transformers/Lab 2.5
2.15 Paralleling 3-Phase Transformers
2.16 Transients in Transformers
2.17 Instrument Transformers
2.18 Autotransformers
2.19 Transformers and Inductances for Power Electronics
2.20 Preliminary Transformer Design (Sizing) by Example
2.21 Summary
2.22 Proposed Problems
References
3 Energy Conversion and Types of Electric Machines
3.1 Energy Conversion in Electric Machines
3.2 Electromagnetic Torque
3.3 Passive Rotor Electric Machines
3.4 Active Rotor Electric Machines
3.5 Fix Magnetic Field (Brush–Commutator) Electric Machines
3.6 Traveling Field Electric Machines
3.7 Types of Linear Electric Machines
3.8 Flux – modulation electric machines: a new breed
3.9 Summary
3.10 Proposed Problems
References
4 Brush–Commutator Machines: Steady State
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Stator and Rotor Construction Elements
4.2 Brush–Commutator Armature Windings
4.3 The Brush–Commutator
4.4 Airgap Flux Density of Stator Excitation MMF
4.5 No-Load Magnetization Curve by Example
4.6 PM Airgap Flux Density and Armature Reaction by Example
4.7 The Commutation Process
4.8 EMF
4.9 Equivalent Circuit and Excitation Connections
4.10 DC Brush Motor/Generator with Separate (or PM)
4.11 DC Brush PM Motor Steady-State and Speed Control
4.12 DC Brush Series Motor/Lab 4.3
4.13 AC Brush Series Universal Motor
4.14 Testing Brush–Commutator Machines/Lab 4.4
4.15 Preliminary Design of a DC Brush PM Automotive Small Motor by Example
4.16 Summary
4.17 Proposed Problems
References
5 Induction Machines: Steady State
5.1 Introduction: Applications and Topologies
5.2 Construction Elements
5.3 AC Distributed Windings
5.4 Induction Machine Inductances
5.5 Rotor Cage Reduction to the Stator
5.6 Wound Rotor Reduction to the Stator
5.7 Three-Phase Induction Machine Circuit Equations
5.8 Symmetric Steady State of 3-Phase IMs
5.9 Ideal No-Load Operation/Lab 5.1
5.10 Zero Speed Operation (S = 1)/Lab 5.2
5.11 No-Load Motor Operation (Free Shaft)/Lab 5.3
5.12 Motor Operation on Load (1 > S > 0)/Lab 5.4
5.13 Generating at Power Grid (n > f1/p1,S < 0)/Lab 5.5
5.14 Autonomous Generator Mode (S < 0)/Lab 5.6
5.15 Electromagnetic Torque and Motor Characteristics
5.16 Deep-Bar and Dual-Cage Rotors
5.17 Parasitic (Space Harmonics) Torques
5.18 Starting Methods
5.19 Speed Control Methods
5.20 Unbalanced Supply Voltages
5.21 One Stator Phase Open by Example/ Lab 5.7
5.22 One Rotor Phase Open
5.23 Capacitor Split-Phase Induction Motors/ Lab 5.8
5.24 Linear Induction Motors
5.24.1 End and Edge Effects in LIMs
5.25 Regenerative and Virtual Load Testing of IMs/Lab 5.7
5.26 Preliminary Electromagnetic IM Design by Example
5.27 Dual stator windings induction generators (DWIG)
5.28 Summary
5.28 Proposed Problems
References
6 Synchronous Machines: Steady State
6.1 Introduction: Applications and Topologies
6.2 Stator (Armature) Windings for SMs
6.3 SM Rotors: Airgap Flux Density Distribution and EMF
6.4 Two-Reaction Principle via Generator Mode
6.5 Armature Reaction and Magnetization Reactances, Xdm and Xqm
6.6 Symmetric Steady-State Equations and Phasor Diagram
6.7 Autonomous Synchronous Generators
6.8 Synchronous Generators at Power Grid/Lab 6.4
6.9 Basic Static- and Dynamic-Stability Concepts
6.10 Unbalanced Load Steady State of SGs/Lab 6.5
6.11 Large Synchronous Motors
6.12 PM Synchronous Motors: Steady State
6.13 Load Torque Pulsations Handling by Synchronous Motors/Generators
6.14 Asynchronous Starting of SMs and Their Self-Synchronization to Power Grid
6.15 Single-Phase and Split-Phase Capacitor PM Synchronous Motors
6.16 Preliminary Design Methodology of a 3-Phase small automotive PMSM by Example
6.17 Single phase PM autonomous a.c. generator with step – capacitor voltage control: a case study
6.18 Summary
6.19 Proposed Problems
References
Biography
Ion Boldea is a Full Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University Politechnica of Timisoara, Romania. Professor Boldea is a Life Fellow of IEEE. He won the IEEE 2015 Nikola Tesla Award for "contributions to the design and control of rotating and linear electric machines for industry applications."
Lucian N. Tutelea is currently a Professor with the Department of Electric Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara. His main research interests include design, modeling, and control of electric machines and drives.
