SECTION ONE. THE BYZANTINE WORLD
Eastern Roman/ Byzantine Empire to 1204.
Latin Empire
Empire of Nicaea
Despotate of Epirus
Empire of Trebizond
Latin principalities of Achaea
Duchy of Athens
County of Cephallonia
Duchy of Naxos
Eastern Roman/ Byzantine Empire after 1261.
Despotate of the Morea and other Late Byzantine sub-states.
Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empresses.
Crusader States: Kingdom of Jerusalem
Antioch
Tripoli
Edessa
Cyprus
Cilician Armenia
Armenia and Georgia.
SECTION TWO: THE ISLAMIC WORLD
Caliphs: C7th heirs of the Prophet, then Ummayads and Abbasids.
Fatimid Caliphate of Tunisia and Egypt
(Christian states of upper Egypt/ Nubia: Makuria and Dongola)
Khorasan: Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids
Egypt; Tulunids and Ikshidids.
Iran: Buyids.
Syria: Hamdanids, Mirdasids, Uqaylids.
Azerbaijan: Sa’dids.
Aghlabids of Tunisia
Ummayad emirate and Caliphate of Al-Andalus, Spain
Successor-states in C11th Al-Andalus.
Seljuks: Iran; Konya/ Anatolia.
Syria: Zengids
Ayyubids of Egypt and Syria
Central Asia/ Afghanistan: Khwarezm, Ghaznavids.
Yemen
Sicily; Majorca.
Morocco
Maghreb: Almoravids, Almohads.
Tunisia: Hafsids, Zirids, Wattasids.
Mongols: Great Khans (with Yuan of China)
Iran: Ilkhans
Golden Horde and other Central Asian Mongol states
Jagatai Khans; Timurids; Qaraqanids.
Late Medieval Anatolia: Dhu’l Qadir; Karamanids; Germiyan; Aydin; Sarukhan; Menteshe; Kastamonu; Kara Koyunlu; Ak Koyunlu.
Ottoman Sultanate
SECTION THREE: ASIA AND AFRICA
Medieval India: Hindu and Moslem states
Burma
Thailand
Khmer states
Vietnam
Dynasties of China: T’ang to Ming
Korea
Japan
Ethiopia
The Sahel: Kanem/ Bornu; Ghana, Mali and Songhai
Nigeria: Hausa states
Central Africa
SECTION FOUR: THE BRITISH ISLES
Britain : Anglo-Saxon England
England after 1066
Wales: Gwynedd, Powys, Dyfed/ Deheubarth, Gwent, Brycheiniog (Brecon).
Early Scotland: Picts, Dal Riada/Scots, Strathclyde.
Medieval Scotland from 844
Jarldom of Orkney
Lords of the Isles/ Hebrides
Kingdom of Man
Ireland: High Kings
Ulster; Leinster; Munster; Connacht; Viking Dublin.
SECTION FIVE: EUROPE, PART ONE, WEST.
Francia; Merovingians, Carolingians
Medieval France: Kings
; Brittany, Normandy, Anjou, Blois, Champagne, Artois, Boulogne,
Flanders, Lorraine, Alencon, Burgundy/ Arles; Aquitaine; Toulouse;
Bearn; Foix; Provence; Vienne; Franche-Comte.
Spain: Barcelona; Suevi; Visigoths; Asturias/ Leon; Leon and Castile; Aragon; Navarre.
Portugal
SECTION SIX: EUROPE, CENTRE, SOUTH AND NORTH.
Hungary
Low Countries: Brabant, Holland, Hainault.
Holy Roman Empire: Emperors.
Bavaria; Saxony; Palatinate; Hesse and Thuringia; Baden;
Wurtemmberg; Mecklenberg; Brandenburg; Brunswick and
Luneburg; Julich and Cleves; Austria.
Poland; Lithuania; Silesia.
Bohemia
Serbia; Bulgaria.
Vandal Africa.
Burgundians
Italy: Ostrogoths; Lombards; Venice; Savoy/ Piedmont; Montferrat; Milan; Modena; Mantua; Florence; Popes; Naples and Sicily.
Denmark; Norway; Sweden.
Russia: Grand Princes of Kiev/ Kiyev.
Chernigov; Smolensk; Ryazan; Galicia; Vladimir-Suzdal; Novgorod; Rostov; Yaroslavl; Tver; Moscow.
INDEX
Biography
Timothy Venning is an independent scholar and researcher and formerly worked on the Oxford New Dictionary of National Biography. His previous books include A Chronology of the Crusades (2015) and A Chronology of Early Medieval Western Europe (2017).
