A Confluence Between Iqbal and Leibniz Self and Monad

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Chapter 1: Self and Monad
1.1 Leibniz’s Theory of Monads
1.1.1 The Logic of Simple Substance
1.1.2 The Privileged Status of Monads
1.1.3 Monadic activity
1.1.4 Mirrors of God
1.2 Iqbal and His Conception of Self
1.2.1 The Fundamental Question for Iqbal
1.2.2 The Conception of Reality
1.3 A Comparative Analysis
1.4 Conclusion

Chapter 2: God
2.1 Leibniz’s Conception of God
2.1.1 Monads and the Necessary Being
2.1.2 Leibniz on the idea of a Perfect Being
2.1.3 Arguments for the Existence of God
2.2 Iqbal’s Conception of God
2.2.1 Iqbal and the Scholastic Arguments for the Existence of God
2.2.2 Making a Case for the Existence of God through Experience
2.3 Parallels between Leibniz and Iqbal

Chapter 3: The Problem of Evil
3.1 Leibniz on the Problem of Evil
3.1.1 The Best of All Possible Worlds
3.1.2 Leibniz on Physical Evil
3.1.3 Leibniz on Moral Evil
3.2 Iqbal on the Problem of Evil
3.2.1 Metaphysical Evil as a Consequence of Creation
3.2.2 Iqbal on Moral Evil
3.2.3 Iqbal on Physical Evil
3.3 Comparisons between Leibniz and Iqbal
3.3.1 Similarities
3.3.2 Differences

Chapter 4: Philosophy of Physics of Leibniz and Iqbal
4.1 Leibniz
4.1.1 Leibniz on Bodies
4.1.2 Leibniz on Cartesian Extension and Newtonian Atomism
4.1.3 Metaphysics of Immaterial Substances and Physical Bodies
4.1.4 Phenomenalism
4.1.5 Bodies as Aggregate of Monads
4.1.6 Leibniz’s Preferred Position: Bodies as Well Founded Phenomena
4.1.7 Space and Time: Newton vs Leibniz
4.1.8 A Summary of Leibniz’s Conception of Space and Time
4.2 Iqbal on Time, Space and Matter
4.2.1 Critical Assessment of Absolute Space, Absolute Time and Matter
4.2.2 Space, Time, Matter and the Metaphysics of Self
4.2.3 God’s Creativity: Self and the World of Extended Bodies
4.2.4 Serial Time and Duration
4.2.5 The Upshot of the Discussion on Iqbal
4.3 Comparison between Leibniz and Iqbal
4.3.1 Matter/Bodies
4.3.2 Space
4.3.3 Time
4.4 Appendix: Is the Universe a Self? Some Clarifications

Chapter 5: Iqbal on Leibniz
5.1 The Nature of Monads: Are They Force-Atoms?
5.2 Pre-Established Harmony
5.2.1 God's Foreknowledge and Human Freedom in Iqbal and Leibniz 
5.3 Iqbal on the Windowlessness of Monads
5.4 Appendix: The Relationship between Man and God in Leibniz and Iqbal

Chapter 6: Conclusion

Bibliography
Supplementary Reference

INDEX

Biography

M. Shabbir Ahsen has been a member of the core faculty at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) since 2004, where he teaches philosophy. His previous experience includes over ten years at the Department of Philosophy, University of Karachi (KU). He has been a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Kentucky and a Visiting Scholar at Harvard. The Pakistan Philosophical Congress (PPC) appointed him as president of its logic and metaphysics section in 2000, and he served on the executive council from 2002 to 2005. In addition to his research on Wittgenstein, he has contributed to the literature on Muhammad Iqbal.