1st Edition

A Guide to Plant Poisoning of Animals in North America

By Anthony Knight, Richard Walter Copyright 2001
    367 Pages
    by Teton NewMedia

    367 Pages
    by Teton NewMedia

    367 Pages
    by Teton NewMedia

    A definitive guide to the clinical assessment, management and prevention of plant poisoning in domestic animals. Accurate Identification of plant materials through the use of 253 high quality color illustrations placed as needed throughout the text. Organized into sections according to the animal symptoms with specific descriptions of the toxins involved and their modes of action. Geographic location maps are provided which highlight the distribution of specific plant material within North America. The title is extensively referenced and includes a functional glossary of botanical terms for the convenience of the user. This durable physical presentation makes it an optimal field reference guide.

    Contents

    Introduction

    Chapter 1 Plants Causing Sudden Death
    Plants Containing Cyanogenic Glycosides
    Mechanism of Acute Cyanide Poisoning
    Clinical Signs of Acute Cyanide Poisoning
    Postmortem Findings
    Diagnosis
    Treatment
    Prevention of Cyanide Poisoning
    Plants: Acacia, Western Service Berry, Mountain Mahogany, Wild Blue Flax, Western Choke-Cherry, Elderberry, Johnson Grass, Poison Suckleya, Arrow Grass
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin
    Plant-Associated Nitrate Poisoning
    Nitrate Toxicology
    Clinical Signs
    Chronic Nitrate Poisoning
    Treatment
    Diagnosis
    Prevention of Nitrate Poisoning
    Common Weeds that Accumulate Nitrate
    Plants: Ragweed, Wild Oat Grass, Lamb's-Quarter, Canada Thistle, Field
    Bindweed, Barnyard Grass, Sunflower, Kochia, Mallow, Russian Thistle
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin
    Plants Containing Toxic Alkaloids
    Larkspur Poisoning
    Plant: Larkspur
    Habitat; Description; Toxicity; Clinical Signs; Treatment;
    Prevention of Larkspur Poisoning; Control
    Plants: Aconite, Poison Hemlock, Water Hemlock, Copperweed
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs
    References

    Chapter 2 Plants Affecting the Cardiovascular System
    Cardiac Glycosides
    Toxicity of Cardiac Glycosides
    Clinical Signs of Poisoning
    Treatment
    Diagnosis
    Plants: Dogbane, Spreading Dogbane, Lily of the Valley, Foxglove, Oleander,
    Yellow Oleander, Milkweeds, Yew, Avocado, Death Camas
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    References

    Chapter 3 Plants Affecting the Digestive System
    Excessive Salivation
    Protoanemonins
    Clinical Signs
    Treatment
    Plants: Blister Buttercup, Bur Buttercup, Baneberry, Tung Nut, Chinaberry, Pokeweed, Corn Cockle, Bouncing Bet, Sesbania
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Gastrointestinal Impaction and Obstruction Caused by Plants
    Plants: Mesquite, American Persimmon
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins

    Vomiting
    Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment; Prevention
    Plants: Orange Sneezeweed, Bitter Sneezeweed, Sneezeweed (H. autumnale), Sneezeweed (H. microcephalum), Colorado Rubberweed, Bitterweed, Desert
    Baileya, Field Bindweed
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Nightshades
    Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Plants: Jimson Weed, Sacred Datura, Angel's Trumpet, Deadly Nightshade,
    Black Henbane, Black Nightshade, Bitter Nightshade, Silver Leaf Nightshade,
    Horse Nettle, Buffalo Bur, Tropical Soda Apple, Ground Cherries
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Diarrhea
    Plant: Leafy Spurge
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Lectins
    Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Diagnosis; Treatment
    Plants: Castor Bean, Precatory Bean, Black Locust, Mayapple, Privet
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Rhododendron Grayanotoxins
    Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Diagnosis; Treatment
    Plants: Rhododendron, Mountain Laurel, Japanese Pieris, Fetter-Bush,
    Maleberry, Common Box
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxins; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    References

    Chapter 4 Plants Affecting the Skin and Liver
    Photosensitization
    Primary Photosensitization
    Secondary Photosensitization
    Pyrrolizidine Poisoning
    Biliary Occlusive Photosensitization
    Alsike Clover Poisoning
    Mycotoxin Photosensitivity
    Blue-Green Algae Poisoning
    Clinical Signs of Photosensitization
    Diagnosis
    Treatment
    Control of Photosensitizing Plants
    Plants: Bishop's Weed, Buckwheat, St. John's Wort, Lechuguilla, Fiddleneck, Rattlebox, Senecio, Hound's Tongue, Lantana, Sacahuista, Horsebrush,
    Puncture Vine, Panic Grasses, Kochia, Hairy Vetch, Leucaena, Scorpion Weed, Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs
    References

    Chapter 5 Plants Affecting the Blood
    Onion Poisoning
    Plant: Allium spp.
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Brassica Poisoning
    Glucosinolate Poisoning
    Clinical Signs; Treatment; Preventive Measures
    Red Maple Poisoning
    Plant: Acert rubrum
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment
    Yellow Sweet Clover
    Plant: Melilotus Officinalis, Bracken Fern, Brake Fern, Eagle Fern
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Bracken Fern Poisoning
    Principal Toxins
    Clinical Signs of Bracken Poisoning in Cattle and Sheep
    Bracken Fern Poisoning in Sheep
    Bracken Fern Poisoning in Horses
    Bracken Fern Poisoning in People
    References

    Chapter 6 Plants Affecting the Nervous System
    Section I: Locoweeds
    Locoweed Poisoning
    Principal Toxin
    Clinical Syndromes Attributable to Locoweed Poisoning
    Diagnosis of Locosim
    Treatment of Locoism
    Prevention and Management of Locoweed Poisoning
    Astragalus Species Containing Nitro Compounds
    Prinicpal Toxins
    Clinical Signs
    Treatment
    Postmortem Findings
    Prevention and Control
    Plants: Blue or Spotted Locoweed, Woolly or Purple Locoweed, White
    Locoweed, Purple Locoweed, Timber Milk Vetch, Crown Vetch
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Section II: Other Plants Affecting the Nervous System
    Sagebrush Poisoning
    Plants: Sand Sage, Fringed Sage, Big Sagebrush, Coyotillo, Bracken Fern,
    Common Horsetail
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Yellow Star Thistle and Russian Knapweed Poisoning
    Plants: Yellow Star Thistle, Russian Knapweed
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    White Snakeroot Poisoning
    Plants: White Snakeroot, Jimmy Weed
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Miscellaneous Neurotoxic Plants
    Plants: Mescal Bean, Buckeye, Kentucky Coffee Tree, Carolina Jessamine,
    Sweet Shrub, Carolina Allspice, Golden Chain Tree, Bleeding Heart, Lobelia, Western Horse Nettle, Potato Weed
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Sudan and Johnson Grass Poisoning
    Clinical Signs
    Plants: Peas (Lathyrism), Caltrop, Carpetweed, Hemp, Marijuana, Tobacco
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Miscellaneous Plants Associated with Neurologic Signs
    References

    Chapter 7 Plants Causing Kidney Failure
    Oxalate Poisoning
    Toxic Effects of Oxalates
    Clinical Signs
    Diagnosis
    Prevention
    Plants: Five Hook Bassia, Halogeton, Greasewood, Sorrel, Pigweed, Purslane,
    Dock, Rhubarb, Oak
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs;
    Necropsy; Treatment
    Acorn Calf Syndrome

    References

    Chapter 8 Plants Associated with Congenital Defects and Reproductive Failure
    Teratogenic Plants
    Milk Vetches Locoweed
    Plant: Lupine
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin

    Crooked Calf Disease
    Nervous Syndrome
    Poison Hemlock, Spotted Hemlock
    Plants Causing Abortion
    Plants: Western False Hellebore, Tree Tobacco, Broom Snakeweed,
    Western Yellow or Ponderosa Pine
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs

    Phytoestrogens
    Nitrate Poisoning

    References

    Chapter 9 Plants Affecting the Musculoskeletal System
    Plant-Induced Calcinosis
    Plant: Day-Blooming Jessamine
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs

    Plants Causing Muscle Degeneration
    Plants: Senna, Sickle Pod, Golden Banner, Black Walnut, Hoary Alyssum, Flatweed
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin; Clinical Signs; Treatment

    Phytogenic Selenium Poisoning
    Toxicity
    Chronic Selenosis (Alkali Disease)
    Clinical Signs
    Diagnosis
    Treatment
    Selenium Deficiency
    Blind Staggers
    Plants: Two-Grooved Milk Vetch, Rayless Goldenweed, Woody Aster, Prince's
    Plume, White Fall Aster, Broom Snakeweed, Gumweed, Saltbrush, Indian
    Paintbrush, Beard Tongue
    Habitat; Description; Principal Toxin

    References

    Chapter 10 Plants Affecting the Mammary Gland
    Plant Toxins in Milk
    Abnormal Milk Flavor

    References
    Glossary
    Alphabetic Plant List
    Index

    Biography

    Anthony Knight, Richard Walter