Africa South of the Sahara 2027

PART ONE General Survey The Sahel Today: Security, Sovereignty and Change MUHAMMAD DAN SULEIMAN Economic Trends in Africa South of the Sahara DONALD L. SPARKS Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa ROBERT E. LOONEY Beyond Françafrique—The State of Relations Between France and Africa TONY CHAFER A Century of Development: Policy and Process in Sub-Saharan Africa MICHAEL JENNINGS An Analysis of the Rule of Law in Sub-Saharan Africa LEIGHANN SPENCER PART TWO Country Surveys Essays on geography, history, and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country: ANGOLA Recent History BRAD SAFARIK Economy BRAD SAFARIK BENIN Recent History PAUL MELLY Economy PAUL MELLY BOTSWANA Recent History CHRISTOPHER SAUNDERS Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY BURKINA FASO Recent History BRAM POSTHUMUS Economy PAUL MELLY BURUNDI Recent History DEVON E. A. CURTIS Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE CABO VERDE Recent History GERHARD SEIBERT Economy GERHARD SEIBERT CAMEROON Recent History DAVID KIWUWA and EMMANUEL SARPONG Economy TICKY MONEKOSSO THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Recent History JUAN FANDOS-RIUS Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE CHAD Recent History HELGA DICKOW Economy PAUL MELLY THE COMOROS Recent History PAUL MELLY Economy PAUL MELLY MAYOTTE THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Recent History DUNCAN WOODSIDE Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE THE REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Recent History KATHARINE MURISON Economy TICKY MONEKOSSO CÔTE D’IVOIRE Recent History BRAM POSTHUMUS Economy MARIE GIBERT DJIBOUTI Recent History DAVID STYAN Economy DAVID STYAN EQUATORIAL GUINEA Recent History MARISÉ CASTRO Economy MARISÉ CASTRO ERITREA Recent History WARKA SOLOMON KAHSAY Economy WARKA SOLOMON KAHSAY ESWATINI (SWAZILAND) Recent History HUGH MACMILLAN Economy HUGH MACMILLAN ETHIOPIA Recent History SOLOMON M. GOFIE Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY GABON Recent History DOUGLAS A. YATES Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE THE GAMBIA Recent History SATANG NABANEH Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY GHANA Recent History ENOCH RANDY AIKINS Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE GUINEA Recent History BRAM POSTHUMUS Economy MARIE GIBERT GUINEA-BISSAU Recent History BRAM POSTHUMUS Economy MARIE GIBERT KENYA Recent History MICHAEL JENNINGS Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE LESOTHO Recent History CHRISTOPHER SAUNDERS Economy MALEFA ROSE MALEFANA LIBERIA Recent History RICHARD LAPPIN Economy FRED VAN DER KRAAIJ MADAGASCAR Recent History JULIAN COOKE Economy JULIAN COOKE MALAWI Recent History CHRISTOPHER SAUNDERS Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY MALI Recent History BRAM POSTHUMUS Economy PAUL MELLY MAURITANIA Recent History GIUSEPPE MAIMONE Economy PAUL MELLY MAURITIUS Recent History MANORAMA AKUNG Economy SHEEREEN FAUZEL, VERENA TANDRAYEN-RAGOOBUR and BOOPEN SEETANAH MOZAMBIQUE Recent History MARISÉ CASTRO Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY NAMIBIA Recent History TERESIA KAULIHOWA, JACOB M. NYAMBE and VALDEMAR J. UNDJI Economy DONALD L. SPARKS NIGER Recent History OLAYINKA AJALA Economy PAUL MELLY NIGERIA Recent History OLAJUMOKE (JUMO) AYANDELE Economy AFOLABI ADEKAIYAOJA RÉUNION Recent History Economy RWANDA Recent History DUNCAN WOODSIDE Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE SAINT HELENA, ASCENSION AND TRISTAN DA CUNHA Recent History Economy SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE Recent History GERHARD SEIBERT Economy GERHARD SEIBERT SENEGAL Recent History AMAKA EMORDI Economy MARIE GIBERT SEYCHELLES Recent History KATHARINE MURISON Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY SIERRA LEONE Recent History LEIGHANN SPENCER Economy AFOLABI ADEKAIYAOJA SOMALIA Recent History DUNCAN WOODSIDE (based on an earlier article by ANNA BRUZZONE) Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE (based on an earlier article by ANNA BRUZZONE) SOUTH AFRICA Recent History CHRISTOPHER SAUNDERS Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY SOUTH SUDAN Recent History DUNCAN WOODSIDE Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE SUDAN Recent History DUNCAN WOODSIDE Economy DUNCAN WOODSIDE TANZANIA Recent History MICHAEL JENNINGS Economy JÖRG WIEGRATZ TOGO Recent History PAUL MELLY Economy PAUL MELLY UGANDA Recent History MICHAEL JENNINGS Economy JÖRG WIEGRATZ ZAMBIA Recent History SISHUWA SISHUWA Economy HORMAN CHITONGE ZIMBABWE Recent History CHRISTOPHER SAUNDERS Economy ALBERT MAKOCHEKANWA PART THREE Regional Information REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS MAJOR COMMODITIES OF AFRICA CALENDARS RESEARCH INSTITUTES CONCERNED WITH AFRICA SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS) SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

Biography

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: Afolabi Adekaiyaoja. Political scientist and researcher specializing in the political economy of West Africa. Enoch Randy Aikins. Researcher, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, South Africa. Olayinka Ajala. Reader in Politics and International Relations, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom, and Research Associate, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Manorama Akung. Senior Lecturer in History, Head of Centre for Research on Slavery and Indenture, University of Mauritius. Olajumoke (Jumo) Ayandele. Interdisciplinary social scientist specializing in African politics and security studies. Anna Bruzzone. Stipendiary Lecturer in European and World History, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Marisé Castro. Researcher, Amnesty International, International Secretariat, London, United Kingdom. Tony Chafer. Emeritus Professor of African and French Studies, Centre for European and International Studies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom, and Senior Associate Fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, London, United Kingdom. Horman Chitonge. Professor, Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Julian Cooke. Editor of the Anglo-Malagasy Society Newsletter. Devon E. A. Curtis. Lecturer in Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Muhammad Dan Suleiman. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Helga Dickow. Senior Researcher and Co-ordinator for Conflict and Fragility, Arnold Bergstraesser-Institut, Freiburg, Germany. Amaka Emordi. Senior Lecturer in Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Osun, Nigeria. Juan Fandos-Rius. Encyclopaedist and historian of the Central African Republic. Sheereen Fauzel. Associate Professor, PhD in Development Economics, University of Mauritius, Mauritius. Marie Gibert. Visiting Fellow, Centre for European and International Studies Research, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Solomon M. Gofie. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. Michael Jennings. Senior Lecturer in International Development, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom. Warka Solomon Kahsay. Saint Francis Xavier University, Antogonish, Canada. Teresia Kaulihowa. Associate Professor of Economics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia. David Kiwuwa. Associate Professor, School of International Studies, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, People's Republic of China. Fred van der Kraaij. Economist specializing in Liberia and the Western Sahel. Richard Lappin. Specialist in international human rights and post-conflict democracy. Robert E. Looney. International consultant specializing in economic development, and Distinguished Professor, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey CA, USA. Hugh Macmillan. Senior Research Associate, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. Giuseppe Maimone. Adjunct Professor, Department of Political Sciences and International Relations, University of Palermo, Italy. Albert Makochekanwa. Director, Business School, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. Malefa Rose Malefane. Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. Paul Melly. Journalist specializing in francophone Africa and Associate Fellow of the Africa Programme at Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs), United Kingdom. Ticky Monekosso. Journalist and researcher specializing in human rights, development issues and related humanitarian affairs in Africa, and founder of Afromedi@net. Katharine Murison. Former Editor of Africa South of the Sahara. Satang Nabaneh. Specialist in democracy, human rights and governance. Jacob M. Nyambe. Associate Professor of Economics and Executive Dean, Faculty of Commerce, Management and Law, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia. Bram Posthumus. Writer, broadcaster and correspondent covering francophone West Africa. Brad Safarik. Lecturer in Political Science and International Relations, Universite´ Catholique de l’Ouest, Angers, France, and Associate Researcher, Les Afriques dans le Monde, Institute d’Etudes Politiques de Bordeaux, France. Emmanuel Sarpong. PhD candidate, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China. Christopher Saunders. Emeritus Professor, Department of Historical Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Boopen Seetanah. Professor, University of Mauritius, Mauritius, and Co-Chair of the WTO Chair Programme. Gerhard Seibert. Associate Researcher, Centre for International Studies, ISCTE—Lisbon University Institute, Portugal. Sishuwa Sishuwa. Senior Lecturer in History, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Donald L. Sparks. Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London, United Kingdom, Visiting Professor of International Business, Management Centre Innsbruck, Austria, and Emeritus Professor of International Economics, The Citadel, Charleston, SC, USA. Leighann Spencer. Tutor in Justice Studies, La Trobe University, Australia. David Styan. Department of Politics, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom. Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur. Associate Professor of Economics and Statistics, University of Mauritius, Mauritius. Valdemar J. Undji. Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia. Jörg Wiegratz. Associate Professor in Global Political Economy and Development, School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. Duncan Woodside. Journalist and analyst specializing in economics and conflict in the Great Lakes of Africa. Douglas A. Yates. Professor of International Relations and Diplomacy, American Graduate School, Paris, France.