1st Edition

An Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres

By Agustin Sanchez-Lavega Copyright 2011
    632 Pages 241 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    Planetary atmospheres is a relatively new, interdisciplinary subject that incorporates various areas of the physical and chemical sciences, including geophysics, geophysical fluid dynamics, atmospheric science, astronomy, and astrophysics. Providing a much-needed resource for this cross-disciplinary field, An Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres presents current knowledge on atmospheres and the fundamental mechanisms operating on them. The author treats the topics in a comparative manner among the different solar system bodies—what is known as comparative planetology.

    Based on an established course, this comprehensive text covers a panorama of solar system bodies and their relevant general properties. It explores the origin and evolution of atmospheres, along with their chemical composition and thermal structure. It also describes cloud formation and properties, mechanisms in thin and upper atmospheres, and meteorology and dynamics. Each chapter focuses on these atmospheric topics in the way classically done for the Earth’s atmosphere and summarizes the most important aspects in the field.

    The study of planetary atmospheres is fundamental to understanding the origin of the solar system, the formation mechanisms of planets and satellites, and the day-to-day behavior and evolution of Earth’s atmosphere. With many interesting real-world examples, this book offers a unified vision of the chemical and physical processes occurring in planetary atmospheres. Ancillaries are available at www.ajax.ehu.es/planetary_atmospheres/

    Introduction to Planets and Planetary Systems
    Planetary Systems
    Orbital Motion
    Gravitational Field and the Shape of Planets and Major Satellites
    Primary Energy Sources on Planets
    Internal Structure of Planets and Satellites
    The Magnetic Field
    Planetodiversity

    Origin and Evolution of Planetary Atmospheres
    Origin of the Solar System
    Thermal Evolution of the Planets
    Origin of Planetary Atmospheres
    Atmospheric Evolution Processes
    Variability of the Earth’s Atmosphere
    Observed Atmospheric Changes in Other Planets

    Spectroscopy and Composition
    Atmospheric Composition: Fundamentals
    Planetary Spectrum: The Continuum
    Atomic Spectrum
    Molecular Spectrum
    Atmospheric Composition Definitions

    Vertical Temperature Structure
    Vertical Structure of the Atmospheres
    Radiative Transfer
    Radiative Equilibrium in Atmospheres
    Thermal Tides: Temperature Oscillations
    Adiabatic Lapse Rate
    Appendix

    Clouds in Planets
    Chemistry and Surface Processes
    Clouds Properties
    Microphysics
    Radiative Transfer in Clouds
    Observed Cloud Properties: Overview

    Upper and Tenuous Atmospheres
    Upper Atmospheres: Introduction
    Photochemistry
    Photoionization: Ionospheres
    Upper Atmospheres Heating Balance
    Diffusion Processes
    Airglow and Aurora
    Gas Production Mechanisms in Tenuous Atmospheres
    Overview of the Tenuous Atmospheres

    Global Atmospheric Motions
    Equations of Atmospheric Motions
    Momentum Equation: Balances
    Vorticity
    The Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulent Motions
    Observed Large-Scale Motions in the Planets
    The General Circulation of Planetary Atmospheres

    Atmospheric Dynamics-I: Waves
    Wave Characteristics
    Acoustic Waves
    Gravity Waves
    Rossby Waves
    Planetary-Scale Equatorial Waves
    Thermal Tides: Dynamics
    QBO-QQO and SAO Oscillations

    Atmospheric Dynamics-II: Instability
    Scales of Motion and Dimensionless Numbers
    Vertical Instability: Convective Motions
    Hydrodynamical Instability: Vortices
    Types of Hydrodynamical Instabilities
    Vortices in the Giant Planets
    Other Dynamical Phenomena
    Polar Dynamics
    Atmospheric Effects of the Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter
    The July 19th 2009 Impact

    Appendix: Methods to Study Planetary Atmospheres

    Bibliography

    References

    Index

    Problems appear at the end of each chapter.

    Biography

    Agustín Sánchez-Lavega is a professor of physics, head of the Department of Applied Physics I, and head of the Planetary Sciences Group at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) in Bilbao, Spain. Between 2004 and 2006, he was a member of the Solar System Working Group of the European Space Agency. Dr. Sánchez-Lavega has authored more than 150 papers on the subject in refereed journals.

    An Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres is an excellently written introductory book that presents the state of the art of planetary atmospheric science. … a very interesting and valuable book. In my opinion this book will be useful not only for researchers working in the field, but also for the Earth sciences community who possess a relatively high level of mathematical skills and some knowledge of physics.
    —Andrzej Icha, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2012

    There are relatively few good basic textbooks on the physics of planetary atmospheres and a new volume, especially one as good as this, is a welcome addition. … it is likely to be useful to researchers well beyond the level normally taught in undergraduate courses. At the same time, the various subtopics are introduced carefully, clearly and comprehensively, so beginners are not likely to get left behind … Everything is well written … and the figures are plentiful and clear. A particularly strong feature is the problem section that appears at the end of each chapter, with a large number of well thought out questions at university degree level.
    —F.W. Taylor, Contemporary Physics, 52, 2011

    This comprehensive textbook on planetary atmospheres is versatile and well organized, with an exposition that is sensitive to different audiences and equally at ease explaining the chemical, dynamical, and empirical foundations of this multidisciplinary field. It is an invaluable reference for any student of atmospheres.
    —Timothy E. Dowling, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA

    For those who teach courses in planetary atmospheres, an outstanding problem has been the lack of an up-to-date, comprehensive textbook. Agustin Sanchez-Lavega has admirably filled that gap with an impressive new book that brings over two decades’ worth of experience to the subject. Finally, instructors and students have a book with in-depth coverage of a wide range of topics, from atmospheric radiation to clouds and dynamics on all the relevant planets of the solar system. The book’s wide scope expertly uses what’s currently known about different planetary atmospheres to demonstrate the underlying physical processes in a comparative way.
    Several chapters have the style of two halves, where the first part introduces the fundamental concepts while the second portion presents the application of such ideas to the data gleaned from our exploration of the solar system. At the end of each chapter, there are excellent problem sets, which are both instructive and thoughtful. Particularly impressive are dozens of detailed tables with data that encompass a multitude of dynamical, radiative, and thermodynamic properties of planetary atmospheres. Consequently, this book will serve as a valuable resource for graduate students in planetary science, astronomy, and atmospheric sciences. Upper-level undergraduates enrolled in planetary science degrees will also surely be glad of the availability of a textbook that synthesizes our knowledge of planetary atmospheres. Alongside its pedagogical value, this book provides an excellent summary of recent research in planetary atmospheres and so will be an extremely useful reference for planetary science professionals.
    —David Catling, University of Washington, Seattle, USA