Applied Forensic Medicine and Pathology Medical Ethics, Clinical Forensic Medicine, Forensic Pathology, and Special Disciplines

I: Medical Ethics and Clinical Forensic Medicine 1. Introduction 2. Consent 3. Confidentiality 4. Patient-Doctor Relationship 5. Medical Records 6. End-of-life Care and Related Matters 7. Euthanasia 8. Torture 9. Infectious Diseases 10. Workers’ Compensation and Occupational Health and Safety 11. Fee Splitting 12. Blood Transfusion 13. Abortion 14. Assisted (Human) Conception 15. Medical Research 16. Stem Cell Research 17. Organ Donation, Retrieval and Transplantation 18. Medical Malpractice 19. Medicolegal Systems 20. Inquests 21. Fitness to be Detained, Interviewed and Plead 22. Child Mistreatment 23. Drug Testing and Alcohol Abuse 24. Drug Testing in the Workplace 25. Courts and the Doctor as Witness II: Forensic Pathology 26. Changes Following Death 27. Determination of Time Since Death 28. Human Identification 29. Wounds 30. The Forensic Autopsy 31. Sudden and Unexpected Natural Deaths 32. Sex-Related Deaths and Sexual Homicides 33. Pregnancy-Related (Maternal) Deaths and Abortions 34. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 35. Child Homicide 36. Missile Injuries and Explosions 37. Electrocution and Lighting 38. Fire-Related Deaths 39. Drugs and Alcohol-Related Deaths 40. Poisoning 41. Transportation Injuries and Deaths 42. Custodial Deaths 43. Asphyxial Deaths 44. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 45. Suicide 46. Exhumations, Mass Graves and War Crimes 47. Diving Fatalities and Barotrauma 48. Forensic Investigations of Mass Disasters III: Overview of Some Special Disciplines and Topics 49. Forensic Radiology and Virtual Autopsy 50. Forensic Histopathology 51. Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 52. Forensic Odontology 53. Forensic Psychiatry 54. Forensic Entomology 55. Forensic Anthropology 56. Forensic Palynology 57. Forensic Taphonomy 58. Forensic Biology 59. Forensic Acarology 60. Forensic Aspects of Cremation 61. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis 62. Forensic Photography 63. The Crime Laboratory 64. The Biosafety Level 3 Autopsy Suite

Biography

John Oladapo Obafunwa, qualified in Medicine in 1980 with an MBBS, from the University of Lagos, Nigeria. He commenced postgraduate training in Anatomic Pathology at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in 1982, graduating in 1987 with FMCPath., and FWACP (Lab Med) in 1989 from the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, and the West African College of Physicians, respectively. He later in 1991 enrolled at the Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, to sub-specialize in Forensic Pathology, and was awarded the Membership in Forensic Pathology (MRCPath.) in 1992 by the Royal College of Pathologists (UK). Some other qualifications include the Diploma in Medical Jurisprudence (DMJPath) (UK, 1991), FFPathRCP (Ireland, 1998), FRCPath (Forensic) (UK, 2001), FCLM (USA, 2005), FFFLM (UK, 2007), FICS (2009), and a Doctorate in Medicine (MD) from the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (2022). He also holds a Diploma in Law from the University of Kent, Canterbury, UK, and a Law Degree, LL.B from the University of Northumbria, UK (2004), and a Ph.D. in Applied Ecology (Forensic Entomology) from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He also holds a Certificate of Advanced Studies (CAS) in Forensic Imaging and Virtopsy from the University of Zurich (2018). He has thus been in Anatomic Pathology since 1982 and Forensic Pathology since 1991. He has worked in the UK, Cayman Islands, Bermuda and Nigeria; he had also worked in Liberia and Sierra Leone as a Consultant. He was appointed a Full Professor of Forensic Pathology in 2001and has several published works, including book chapters and technical reports. Apart from also working as a Consultant Histopathologist, he has in the course of his medicolegal duties coordinated a number of mass disaster investigations, with the identification of disaster victims, in addition to determining the cause and manner of death. He was the Chief Medical Examiner for Lagos State, Nigeria, for eight years. He is currently involved in research into the determination of the postmortem interval in forensic pathology, through the applications of forensic entomology and taphonomy, at the School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He also currently serves as the Director General/CEO of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research. The information and images presented in this book, by John are largely products of cases that he has directly handled or participated in, for over thirty years of being a forensic pathologist.

Leon G. Higley is a Professor of Applied Ecology and Forensic Science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He received a B.A. in chemistry from Cornell University in 1980, an M.S. in entomology from Iowa State University in 1984, and a Ph.D. in entomology/crop production and physiology from Iowa State University in 1988. Higley's forensic research focuses on the role of blowflies in decompositional ecology and estimating time of death. Currently, he is working on establishing development models for forensically important blow flies of North America and determining proper sampling procedures. His other research areas include the thermal ecology of the wet salts tiger beetle in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, plant physiological responses to insect injury (particularly photosynthesis), pest management decision making, and other issues in ecophysiology. He has advised 30 MS and PhD students and has taught 164 courses in 21 subject areas. His research awards include the 2007 Founder’s Memorial Award (ESA); 2005 C.V. Riley Award (ESA-NCB); 1996 Outstanding Young Alumnus Award (Iowa State University Alumni Association); and 1992 Sigma Xi Outstanding Young Scientist Award (University of Nebraska Chapter). Teaching recognition includes the 2005 Distinguished Teaching Award (University of Nebraska-Lincoln); 2000 Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching (ESA); 1998 Excellence in Graduate Education Award (University of Nebraska Alumni Association); and 1998 Senior Faculty Holling Family Award for Teaching Excellence (University of Nebraska-Lincoln). He is the author of over 151 peer-reviewed publications, over 26 book chapters, and 5 books.