Preface
Part I: Biomedical Nanomagnetics
1. Biomedical Nanomagnetics: A Spin through Possibilities in Imaging, Diagnostics, and Therapy
Kannan M. Krishnan
2. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Material Engineering and Emerging Applications in Lithography and Biomedicine
Yuping Bao, Tianlong Wen, Anna Cristina S. Samia, Amit Khandhar, and Kannan M. Krishnan
3. Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Applications in Biomedicine
Carolyn Shasha and Kannan M. Krishnan
4. In vivo Delivery, Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution and Toxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Hamed Arami, Amit Khandhar, Denny Liggitt, and Kannan M. Krishnan
5. Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Novel in vivo Imaging Platform for Cancer Detection
Elaine Y. Yu, Mindy Bishop, Bo Zheng, R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Scott J. Kemp, Kannan M. Krishnan, Patrick W. Goodwill, and Steven M. Conolly
6. Magnetic Particle Imaging with Tailored Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Tracers
R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Scott J. Kemp, Hamed Arami, Emine U. Saritas, Laura R. Croft, Justin Konkle, Patrick W. Goodwill, Aleksi Halkola, Jürgen Rahmer, Jörn Borgert, Steven M. Conolly, and Kannan M. Krishnan
Part II: Synthesis of Monodisperse Nanoparticles and Their Surface Functionalization
7. Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticles with Nearly Ideal Saturation Magnetization
Scott J. Kemp, R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, and Kannan M. Krishnan
8. Synthesis of Phase-Pure and Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition
Ryan Hufschmid, Hamed Arami, R. Matthew Ferguson, Marcela Gonzales, Eric Teeman, Lucien N. Brush, Nigel D. Browning, and Kannan M. Krishnan
9. Colloidal Nanocrystal Shape and Size Control: The Case of Cobalt
Victor F. Puntes, Kannan M. Krishnan, and A. Paul Alivisatos
10. A General Approach to Synthesis of Nanoparticles with Controlled Morphologies and Magnetic Properties
Yuping Bao, Alexandre B. Pakhomov, and Kannan M. Krishnan
11. Controlled Crystalline Structure and Surface Stability of Cobalt Nanocrystals
Yuping Bao, Michael Beerman, Alexandre B. Pakhomov, and Kannan M. Krishnan
12. A Generalized Diffusion Model for Growth of Nanoparticles Synthesized by Colloidal Methods
Tianlong Wen, Lucien N. Brush, and Kannan M. Krishnan
13. The Critical Role of Surfactants in the Growth of Cobalt Nanoparticles
Yuping Bao, Wei An, C. Heath Turner, and Kannan M. Krishnan
14. Synthesis of Magnetoliposomes with Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanocrystal Cores for Hyperthermia
Marcela Gonzales and Kannan M. Krishnan
15. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic-Optical Co-Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Yuping Bao, Hector Calderon, and Kannan M. Krishnan
16. Preparation of Functionalized and Gold-Coated Cobalt Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications
Yuping Bao and Kannan M. Krishnan
17. CocoreAushell Nanoparticles: Evolution of Magnetic Properties in the Displacement Reaction
Saikat Mandal and Kannan M. Krishnan
18. Synthesis of Monodisperse Biotinylatedp (NIPAAm)-Coated Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Bioconjugation to Streptavidin
Ravin Narain, Marcela Gonzales, Allan S. Hoffman, Patrick S. Stayton, and Kannan M. Krishnan
19. Phase Transfer of Highly Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanocrystals with Pluronic F127 for Biomedical Applications
Marcela Gonzales and Kannan M. Krishnan
20. Lactoferrin Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeting Brain Glioma Cells in Magnetic Particle Imaging
Asahi Tomitaka, Hamed Arami, Sonu Gandhi, and Kannan M. Krishnan
21. Highly Stable Amine Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Designed for Magnetic Particle Imaging
Hamed Arami and Kannan M. Krishnan
Part III: Structure, Self-Assembly and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
22. Observing the Colloidal Stability of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in situ
Ryan Hufschmid, Eric Teeman, B. Layla Mehdi, Kannan M. Krishnan, and Nigel D. Browning
23. Nanoscale Physical and Chemical Structure of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging
Ryan Hufschmid, Joachim Landers, Carolyn Shasha, Soma Salamon, Heiko Wende, and Kannan M. Krishnan
24. Discriminating Nanoparticle Core Size Using Multi-Contrast MPI
Carolyn Shasha, Eric Teeman, Kannan M Krishnan, Patryk Szwargulski, Tobias Knopp, and Martin Möddel
25. Controlled Self-Assembly of Colloidal Cobalt Nanocrystals
Yuping Bao, Michael Beerman, and Kannan M. Krishnan
26. Thermal Stability and Morphological Transformations of Aucore–Coshell Nanocrucibles
Tianlong Wen and Kannan M. Krishnan
27. Spiral Spin Order of Self-Assembled Co Nanodisk Arrays
Youhui Gao, Yuping Bao, Alec B. Pakhomov, Daisuke Shindo, and Kannan M. Krishnan
28. Morphology and Magnetic Flux Distribution in Superparamagnetic, Single-Crystalline Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Rings
Yumu Takeno, Yasukazu Murakami, Takeshi Sato, Toshiaki Tanigaki, Hyun Soon Park, Daisuke Shindo, R. Matthew Ferguson, and Kannan M. Krishnan
29. Electron Holography of Core-Shell Co/CoO Spherical Nanocrystals
Youhui Gao, Daisuke Shindo, Yuping Bao, and Kannan M. Krishnan
30. Superstructures of Self-Assembled Cobalt Nanocrystals
Youhui Gao, Yuping Bao, Michael Beerman, Akira Yasuhara, Daisuke Shindo, and Kannan M. Krishnan
31. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Magnetic Behavior of a Two-Dimensional Superlattice of Single-Crystal e-Co Nanoparticles
Victor F. Puntes, Kannan M. Krishnan, and Paul Alivisatos
32. Synthesis, Structural Order, and Magnetic Behavior of Self-Assembled e-Co Nanocrystal Arrays
Victor F. Puntes and Kannan M. Krishnan
33. Room-Temperature Detection of a Single 19 nm Super-Paramagnetic Nanoparticle with an Imaging Magnetometer
Michael Gould, Russell J. Barbour, Nicole Thomas, Hamed Arami, Kannan M. Krishnan, and Kai-Mei C. Fu
Part IV: Magnetic Properties and Relaxation Dynamics
34. Mixed Brownian Alignment and Néel Rotations in Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Suspensions Driven by an AC Field
Saqlain A. Shah, Daniel B. Reeves, R. Matthew Ferguson, John B. Weaver, and Kannan M. Krishnan
35. Slew-Rate Dependence of Tracer Magnetization Response in Magnetic Particle Imaging
Saqlain A. Shah, R. M. Ferguson, and Kannan M. Krishnan
36. Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Optimized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging
Frank Ludwig, Christian Kuhlmann, Thilo Wawrzik, Jan Dieckhoff, Aidin Lak, Amit P. Kandhar, Richard Matthew Ferguson, Scott J. Kemp, and Kannan M. Krishnan
37. Self-Consistent Magnetic Properties of Magnetite Tracers Optimized for Magnetic Particle Imaging Measured by AC Susceptometry, Magnetorelaxometry and Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy
Frank Ludwig, Hilke Remmer, Christian Kuhlmann, Thilo Wawrzik, Hamed Arami, R. Mathew Ferguson, and Kannan M. Krishnan
38. Size-Dependent Ferrohydrodynamic Relaxometry of Magnetic Particle Imaging Tracers in Different Environments
Hamed Arami, R. M. Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, and Kannan M. Krishnan
39. Ferrohydrodynamic Relaxometry for Magnetic Particle Imaging
P. W. Goodwill, A. Tamrazian, L. R. Croft, C. D. Lu, E. M. Johnson, R. Pidaparthi, R. M. Ferguson, A. P. Khandhar, Kannan M. Krishnan, and S. M. Conolly
40. Size-Dependent Relaxation Properties of Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticles Measured Over Seven Decades of Frequency by AC Susceptometry
R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Christian Jonasson, Jakob Blomgren, Christer Johansson, and Kannan M. Krishnan
41. Brownian Magnetic Relaxation of Water-Based Cobalt Nanoparticle Ferrofluid
Y. Bao, A. B. Pakhomov, and Kannan M. Krishnan
42. Effects of Surfactant Friction on Brownian Magnetic Relaxation in Nanoparticle Ferrofluids
Alexandre B. Pakhomov, Yuping Bao, and Kannan M. Krishnan
43. Magnetic Properties of Aucore-Coshell Nanoparticles
Tianlong Wen and Kannan M. Krishnan
44. Antiferromagnetic Spin Correlations in MnO Nanoparticles
Tapan Chatterji, Yixi Su, Gail N. Iles, Yi-Cheng Lee, Amit P. Khandhar, and Kannan M. Krishnan
45. Coupling of Blocking and Melting in Cobalt Ferrofluid
Tianlong Wen, Wenkel Liang, and Kannan M. Krishnan
46. Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Anisotropy Constant in Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles at Low Temperature
Sunghyun Yoon and Kannan M. Krishnan
Part V: Magnetic Particle Imaging
47. X-Space MPI: Magnetic Nanoparticles for Safe Medical Imaging
Patrick William Goodwill, Emine Ulku Saritas, Laura Rose Croft, Tyson N. Kim, Kannan M. Krishnan, David V. Schaffer, and Steven M. Conolly
48. Magnetic Particle Imaging
Bo Zheng, Kuan Lu, Justin J. Konkle, Daniel W. Hensley, Paul Keselman, Ryan D. Orendorff, Zhi Wei Tay, Elaine Yu, Xinyi Y. Zhou, Mindy Bishop, Beliz Gunel, Laura Taylor, R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Scott J. Kemp, Kannan M. Krishnan, Patrick W. Goodwill, and Steven M. Conolly
49. Quantitative “Hot-Spot” Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells Using Superparamagnetic Tracers and Magnetic Particle Imaging
Jeff W. M. Bulte, Piotr Walczak, Miroslaw Janowski, Kannan M. Krishnan, Hamed Arami, Aleksi Halkola, Bernhard Gleich, and Jürgen Rahmer
50. Tracer Design for Magnetic Particle Imaging
R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, and Kannan M. Krishnan
51. Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticle Tracers for in vivo Magnetic Particle Imaging
Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, Hamed Arami, and Kannan M. Krishnan
52. Optimizing Magnetite Nanoparticles for Mass Sensitivity in Magnetic Particle Imaging
R. Matthew Ferguson, Kevin R. Minard, Amit P. Khandhar, and Kannan M. Krishnan
53. Size-Optimized Magnetite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging
R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Kevin R. Minard, and Kannan M. Krishnan
54. Optimization of Nanoparticle Core Size for Magnetic Particle Imaging
R. Matthew Ferguson, Kevin R. Minard, and Kannan M. Krishnan
55. Evaluation of PEG-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Blood Pool Tracers for Preclinical Magnetic Particle Imaging
A. P. Khandhar, P. Keselman, S. J. Kemp, R. M. Ferguson, P. W. Goodwill, S. M. Conolly, and Kannan M. Krishnan
56. In vitro and in vivo Comparison of a Tailored Magnetic Particle Imaging Blood Pool Tracer with Resovist
Michael Gerhard Kaul, Tobias Mummert, Caroline Jung, Johannes Salamon, Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, Scott J. Kemp, Harald Ittrich, Kannan M. Krishnan, Gerhard Adam, and Tobias Knopp
57. Nanoparticle Core Size Optimization for Magnetic Particle Imaging
Carolyn Shasha, Eric Teeman, and Kannan M. Krishnan
58. Harmonic Simulation Study of Simultaneous Nanoparticle Size and Viscosity Differentiation
Carolyn Shasha, Eric Teeman, and Kannan M. Krishnan
59. Towards Picogram Detection of Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Particles Using a Gradiometric Receive Coil
Matthias Graeser, Tobias Knopp, Patryk Szwargulski, Thomas Friedrich, Anselm von Gladiss, Michael Kaul, Kannan M. Krishnan, Harald Ittrich, Gerhard Adam, and Thorsten M. Buzug
60. In vivo Multimodal Magnetic Particle Imaging with Tailored Magneto/Optical Contrast Agents
Hamed Arami, Amit P. Khandhar, Asahi Tomitaka, Elaine Yu, Patrick W. Goodwill, Steven M. Conolly, and Kannan M. Krishnan
61. Detection and Compensation of Periodic Motion in Magnetic Particle Imaging
N. Gdaniec, M. Schlüter, M. Möddel, M. G. Kaul, Kannan M. Krishnan, A. Schlaefer, and T. Knopp
62. Drive-Field Frequency Dependent MPI Performance of Single-Core Magnetite Nanoparticle Tracers
Christian Kuhlmann, Amit P. Khandhar, Richard Matthew Ferguson, Scott Kemp, Thilo Wawrzik, Meinhard Schilling, Kannan M. Krishnan, and Frank Ludwig
63. Variation of Magnetic Particle Imaging Tracer Performance with Amplitude and Frequency of the Applied Magnetic Field
Asahi Tomitaka, Richard Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Scott J. Kemp, Satoshi Ota, Kosuke Nakamura, Yasushi Takemura, and Kannan M. Krishnan
64. Micro-Traveling Wave Magnetic Particle Imaging—Sub-Millimeter Resolution with Optimized Tracer LS-008
P. Vogel, M. A. Rückert, S. J. Kemp, A. P. Khandhar, R. M. Ferguson, S. Herz, A. Vilter, P. Klauer, T. A. Bley, Kannan M. Krishnan, and V. C. Behr
65. Magnetic Particle Imaging for Highly Sensitive, Quantitative, and Safe in vivo Gut Bleed Detection in a Murine Model
Elaine Y. Yu, Prashant Chandrasekharan, Ran Berzon, Zhi Wei Tay, Xinyi Y. Zhou, Amit P. Khandhar, R Matthew Ferguson, Scott J. Kemp, Bo Zheng, Patrick W. Goodwill, Michael F. Wendland, Kannan M. Krishnan, Spencer Behr, Jonathan Carter, and Steven M. Conolly
66. Magnetic Particle Imaging for Real-Time Perfusion Imaging in Acute Stroke
Peter Ludewig, Nadine Gdaniec, Jan Sedlacik, Nils D. Forkert, Patryk Szwargulski, Matthias Graeser, Gerhard Adam, Michael G. Kaul, Kannan M. Krishnan, R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Piotr Walczak, Jens Fiehler, Götz Thomalla, Christian Gerloff, Tobias Knopp, and Tim Magnus
67. First in vivo Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging via Magnetic Particle Imaging
Ryan Orendorff, Austin J. Peck, Bo Zheng, Shawn N. Shirazi, R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Scott J. Kemp, Patrick Goodwill, Kannan M. Krishnan, George A. Brooks, Daniela Kaufer, and Steven Conolly
68. Tomographic Magnetic Particle Imaging of Cancer Targeted Nanoparticles
Hamed Arami, Eric Teeman, Alyssa Troksa, Haydin Bradshaw, Katayoun Saatchi, Asahi Tomitaka, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, Urs O. Häfeli, Denny Liggitt, and Kannan M. Krishnan
Part VI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
69. Evaluating Size-Dependent Relaxivity of PEGylated-USPIOs to Develop Gadolinium-Free T1 Contrast Agents for Vascular Imaging
Amit P. Khandhar, Gregory J. Wilson, Michael G. Kaul, Johannes Salamon, Caroline Jung, and Kannan M. Krishnan
70. The Use of Silica Coated MnO Nanoparticles to Control MRI Relaxivity in Response to Specific Physiological Changes
Yi-Cheng Lee, Der-Yow Chen, Stephen J. Dodd, Nadia Bouraoud, Alan P. Koretsky, and Kannan M. Krishnan
Part VII: Diagnostics & Therapy
71. Detection of Cancer-Specific Proteases Using Magnetic Relaxation of Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles in Biological Environment
Sonu Gandhi, Hamed Arami, and Kannan M. Krishnan
72. Enhancing Cancer Therapeutics Using Size-Optimized Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia
Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, Julian A. Simon, and Kannan M. Krishnan
73. Tailored Magnetic Nanoparticles for Optimizing Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia
Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, Julian A. Simon, and Kannan M. Krishnan
74. Probing Temperature-Sensitive Behavior of pNIPAAm-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles using Frequency-Dependent Magnetic Measurements
Suchita Kalele, Ravin Narain, and Kannan M. Krishnan
75. Monodispersed Magnetite Nanoparticles Optimized for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia: Implications in Biological Systems
Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, and Kannan M. Krishnan
76. Size-Dependant Heating Rates of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia
Marcela Gonzales-Weimuller, Matthias Zeisberger, and Kannan M. Krishnan
Part VIII: Circulation Time, Toxicity and Biological Fate
77. Tuning Surface Coatings of Optimized Magnetite Nanoparticle Tracers for in vivo Magnetic Particle Imaging
Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, Hamed Arami, Scott J. Kemp, and Kannan M. Krishnan
78. Tracking Short-Term Biodistribution and Long-Term Clearance of SPIO Tracers in Magnetic Particle Imaging
Paul Keselman, Elaine Y. Yu, Xinyi Y. Zhou, Patrick W. Goodwill, Prashant Chandrasekharan, R. Matthew Ferguson, Amit P. Khandhar, Scott J. Kemp, Kannan M. Krishnan, Bo Zheng, and Steven M. Conolly
79. Intercellular Dynamics of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging
Eric Teeman, Carolyn Shasha, James E. Evans, and Kannan M. Krishnan
80. Intracellular Performance of Tailored Nanoparticle Tracers In Magnetic Particle Imaging
Hamed Arami and Kannan M. Krishnan
81. Cytotoxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Made from the Thermal Decomposition of Organometallics and Aqueous Phase Transfer with Pluronic F127
Marcela Gonzales, Lee M. Mitsumori, John V. Kushleika, Michael E. Rosenfeld, and Kannan M. Krishnan
Biography
Kannan M. Krishnan is professor emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. He is internationally recognized for his foundational contributions to magnetism and magnetic materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology, materials characterization, and biomedical imaging and therapy. His research has led to significant advances in both fundamental science and practical applications, as reflected in his extensive portfolio of high-impact publications and invited lectures. Prof. Krishnan is the author of two authoritative textbooks—Fundamentals and Applications of Magnetic Materials (2016) and Principles of Materials Characterization and Metrology (2021)—which are widely used in education and research.
