Introduction to Characterization of Nanostructures
Nanotechnology—In the Beginning There Was the Idea
Nanotechnology as a Practical Proposition
What Is Nanotechnology?
Materials Characterization—What Is It?
Current State of ‘Best Practice’ and QA
Section I Techniques and Methods
Electron-Optical Imaging of Nanostructures ((HR)TEM, STEM, and SEM)
Introduction
TEM Overview
Interactions of Electrons with Matter
Aberration Correction
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)
The Issue of Radiation Damage during Imaging and Analysis
Examples of SEM Performance
Optimization of Image Quality
Electron-Optical Analytical Techniques
Introduction
Loss Processes
EDS
EELS
Technical Implementation and Methods
Complementarity of EDS and EELS: A Case Study
Photon-Optical Spectroscopy—Raman and Fluorescence
Introduction
Raman Spectroscopy
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Scanning Probe Techniques and Methods
Introduction
Technical Implementation
STM/STS
SFM
SCM
SNOM
SECM
Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP)
Scanning Ion Current Microscopy (SICM)
Future Prospects
Techniques and Methods for Nanoscale Analysis of Single Particles and Ensembles of Particles
Introduction
Photon-Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) or Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
Differential Centrifugal Sedimentation (DCS)
Zeta Potential
Differential Mobility Spectrometry (DMS)
Surface Area Determination
Surface and Bulk Chemistry
Overview—Choices of Technique(s)
Section II Applications
C60 and Other Cage Structures
Introduction
Characterization of Fullerenes and Fullerene
Compounds
Endohedral Fullerenes
Fullerites
Peapod Fullerenes in CNT
Quantum Dots and Related Structures
Introduction
Particles in 2-D and 3-D Confinement
Synthesis Routes for Quantum Dots
Characterization of Quantum Dots
Absorption and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Quantum Dots
Carbon Nanotubes and Other Tube Structures
Introduction
Description of CNT Structure
Synthesis Routes
Electronic Structure of Graphene and SWCNT
General Characteristics of CNTs
Other Tube Structures
Characterization of Nanotubes
Nanowires
Introduction
Synthesis Routes
Characterisation of Nanowires by SEM and TEM
Characterisation of Nanowire Heterostructures
Characterization Related to Potential Applications
Graphene and Other Monolayer Structures
Introduction
Graphene Structure
Summary of Electronic Structure
Other 2-D Structures (Nanosheets)
Overview of Synthesis Routes
Structural Characterization
Raman Spectroscopic Characterization
Characterization of Electronic Structure
Nanostructures—Strategic and Tactical Issues
Thinking about Strategy
Thinking about Tactics
Strategic Issues
Preparation of Specimens for Characterization of Nanostructures
Ensemble Averages: Limitations
‘Soft’ Materials—Specimen Preparation
Cleanliness
User-friendliness
Cost-Effectiveness
Biography
Sverre Myhra and John Riviere are affiliated with Oxford University, UK.
"This book provides an understanding of the fundamental concepts of characterisation techniques for nanomaterials such as graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. The authors have nicely presented the complex theory of the physical techniques in a simple manner that will have immense benefit for the nanoscience community. … This book will be a valuable asset to students and newcomers to the field. Nanoscience researchers will also benefit as it covers the theory, techniques and applications from basic to advanced levels with up to date bibliographic information."
— Tapas Sen, Chemistry World, April 2013
