3rd Edition
Clark's Pocket Handbook for Radiographers
Drawn from the renowned reference Clark's Positioning in Radiography, this bestselling pocket handbook provides clear and practical advice to help radiographers in their day-to-day work. Designed and structured for rapid reference, it covers how to position the patient and image receptor as well as the direction and location of the beam, describes the essential image characteristics, and illustrates each radiographic projection with a positioning photograph and corresponding radiographic image.
This third edition has been updated to include new positioning photographs reflecting the dominance of direct digital radiography detectors (DDRs), helpful information on the importance of optimisation, exposure factors and geometry in image production, evaluating exposure in digital imaging and aspects of bariatric imaging.
Section 1 Key Aspects of Radiographic Practice
Anatomical Terminology
Positioning Terminology
Projection Terminology
The Importance of Optimisation and Exposure Factors
Evaluating Exposure In Digital Imaging
Geometry of Image Production
Patient Journey and examination timeline
General Considerations for Digital Radiographic Examinations
Patient identity and Consent
Justification of the examination
Radiation Protection
Medical Exposure and Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)
Standard Operating Procedure for patients of Reproductive Capacity
Evaluating Images: 'The 10-point plan'
Guidelines for the Assessment of Trauma Images
Theatre Radiography
Ward Radiography
Bariatric Imaging
Section 2 Radiographic Projections
Abdomen – Antero-Posterior Supine
Abdomen Antero-Posterior – Left Lateral Decubitus
Acromioclavicular Joint
Ankle – Antero-Posterior/ Mortise Joint
Ankle – Lateral
Calcaneum – Axial
Cervical Spine – Antero- Posterior C3–C7
Cervical Spine – Antero- Posterior C1–C2 ‘Open Mouth’
Cervical Spine – Lateral Erect
Cervical Spine – Lateral ‘Swimmers’
Cervical Spine – Lateral Supine
Cervical Spine – Posterior Oblique
Cervical Spine – Flexion and Extension
Chest – Postero-anterior
Chest – Antero-posterior (Erect)
Chest – Lateral
Chest – Supine (Anteroposterior)
Chest – Mobile/ Portable (Antero-posterior)
Chest - Mobile (Posterior-anterior - Prone)
Clavicle – Postero-anterior
Clavicle – Infero-superior
Elbow – Antero-posterior
Elbow AP – Antero-Posterior alternative Projections for Trauma
Elbow – Lateral
Facial Bones – Occipito-mental (OM)
Facial Bones – Occipito-mental 30-degree Caudal (OM 30)
Femur – Antero-posterior
Femur – Lateral
Fingers – Dorsi-palmar
Fingers – Lateral Index and Middle Fingers
Fingers – Lateral Ring and Little Fingers
Foot – Dorsi-plantar
Foot – Dorsi-plantar Oblique
Foot – Lateral Erect
Forearm – Antero-posterior
Forearm – Lateral
Hand – Dorsi-palmar
Hand – Dorsi-palmar Oblique
Hand – Lateral
Hip: AP (Antero-posterior) – Single Hip
Hip – Lateral Air-gap Technique (Trauma)
Hip - Lateral Neck of Femur
Hip – Posterior Oblique (Lauenstein’s)
Hips (Both) – Lateral (‘Frog’s Legs’ Position)
Humerus – Antero-posterior
Humerus – Lateral
Knee – Antero-posterior
Knee – Lateral (Basic)
Knee – Horizontal Beam Lateral (Trauma)
Knee – Tunnel/Intercondylar Notch
Knee – ‘Skyline’ Patellar (Supero-inferior)
Lumbar Spine – Antero-posterior
Lumbar Spine – Lateral
Lumbar Spine – Oblique
Lumbo-sacral Junction (L5–S1) – Lateral
Mandible – Postero-anterior
Mandible – Lateral Oblique 30-degree Cranial
Orbits – Occipito-mental (Modified)
Orthopantomography (OPG/DPT)
Pelvis AP Antero-posterior
Sacro-iliac Joints – Postero-anterior
Sacrum – Antero-posterior
Sacrum – Lateral
Scaphoid Postero-anterior with Ulnar Deviation
Scaphoid – Anterior Oblique with Ulnar Deviation
Scaphoid – Posterior Oblique
Scaphoid – Postero-anterior, Ulnar Deviation and 30-degree Cranial
Shoulder Girdle – Anteroposterior (15-degree) Erect
Shoulder Girdle – Anteroposterior (Glenohumeral Joint) – Modified (Grashey
Projection)
Shoulder – Supero-inferior (Axial)
Shoulder – Anterior Oblique (‘Y’ Projection)
Sinuses – Occipito-mental
Skull – Occipito-frontal (OF)
Skull – Occipito-frontal 30-degree Cranial (Reverse Towne’s)
Skull – Lateral Erect
Skull – Fronto-occipital (Supine/Trolley)
Skull – Fronto-occipital 30-degree Caudal (Towne’s Projection) (Supine/Trolley)
Skull – Lateral (Supine/Trolley)
Skull ‘Head’ – CT
Sternum – Lateral
Thoracic Spine – Antero-posterior
Thoracic Spine – Lateral
Thumb – Antero-posterior
Thumb – Lateral
Tibia and Fibula – Anteroposterior
Tibia and Fibula – Lateral
Toe – Hallux – Lateral
Toes – Dorsi-plantar
Toes – Second to Fifth – Dorsi-plantar Oblique
Wrist – Postero-anterior
Wrist – Lateral
Zygomatic Arches – Infero-superior
Section 3 Useful Information for Radiographic Practice
Non-Imaging Diagnostic Tests
Medical Terminology
Medical and Radiographic Abbreviations
Index
Biography
A Stewart Whitley, Radiology Advisor, UK Radiology Advisory Services, Preston, Lancashire, UK and Former Director of Professional Practice, International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists (ISRRT)
Charles Sloane, Principal Lecturer and Professional Lead for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
Gail Jefferson, Senior Lecturer and Programme Lead for Diagnostic Radiography, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster; Reporting Radiographer, North Cumbria Integrated Care, Carlisle, UK
Ken Holmes, formerly Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.
Craig Anderson, Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster; Clinical Tutor and Reporting Radiographer, Furness General Hospital, Cumbria, UK
