Climate Change and Climate Geoengineering Science, Technology, Uncertainties, and Risks

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

General Introduction, Scope, and Motivation for the Book

Anthropogenic Climate Change

Climate Geoengineering. Different Approaches and the Current Situation

Introducing the Contents of Chapters 2 to 9

Humans and Climate

Climate Change and the Origins and Evolution of the Genus Homo

A Bottleneck in the Human Population During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition

Historical Background: Weather Modification and Warfare, Chemtrails and Climate Geoengineering

Cloud Physics and the Origins of Weather Modification

Weather Warfare

The Chemtrails Conspiracy Theory

Conspiracy Theories, SRM Geoengineering, and Normal and Post-Normal Science

Hopes, Doubts, and Continuing Research on Weather Modification

Can Tropical Cyclones and Tornados be Diverted or Tamed?

A Methodology for Analysing Anthropogenic Climate Change and Climate Geoengineering Based on Human Critical Determinants for Sustainability: Transformations to Sustainability and the Post-WWII Transformation

Introduction

Human Critical Determinants for Sustainability that May Act as Sustainability Boundaries

The Need for Transformational Changes and the Lancet Planetary Health–Earth Commission Report

Transformations to Sustainability and the Post-World War II Transformation

A Future for Unsustainability? What are the Long-Term Consequences of Climate Change?

What is the Likelihood of Climate Collapse?

Anthropogenic Climate Change. The Science, the Impacts, and the Human Responses. Mitigation and Adaptation

Discovery of the Greenhouse Effect. Why Does the Increase in the Tropospheric Concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Raise the Earth’s Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST)?

The Science of Anthropogenic Climate Change

Severity of Present and Future Climate Change Impacts

Different Forms of Geoengineering: Risks, Uncertainties, International Relations, and Governance

Introduction

Carbon Dioxide Removal from the Atmosphere (CDR)

Ground-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal (GCDR)

Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal (OCDR)

Methane Removal from the Atmosphere (MR)

Solar Radiation Modification (SRM)

Cirrus Cloud Thinning (CCT)

Glacial Geoengineering (GG)

Risks, Uncertainties, and Governance of SRM Deployment

International Relations, Governance, Climate Change, and Geoengineering

Classical Realist and Neoliberal Institutionalist Analyses of Climate Change International Politics

Neorealist Analysis of Climate Change and SRM Geoengineering

Environmental, Social, and Economic Dimensions of Geoengineering

Geoengineering at the Crossroads

Challenges Involved in Delivering a Climate Change Solution

Economics of Geoengineering

Climate Justice and Social Movements

Challenges of Regulating Geoengineering at the Global Level

What is Regulation in the Context of Climate Change?

Socio-Ethical and Philosophical Perspectives

Legal and Geopolitical Dimensions of SRM

A Governance Model for SRM?

Climate Governance: The State of the Art

Conducting Risk–Risk Assessment

Exploring the SRM Governance Scheme

Conclusions

The Human–Climate Relationship

Weather Modification, Weather Warfare, Chemtrails Conspiracy Theory, Geoengineering, and Post-Normal Science

The Science of Climate Change

Climate Change Impacts

Various Forms of Geoengineering

Navigating Power, Risk, and Justice: Towards a Coherent Governance Framework for SRM

Climate Change and Climate Geoengineering in the Context of the Post-WWII Transformation and Transformations to Sustainability

References

Index

Biography

Filipe Duarte Santos has a M.Sc. in Geophysics from the University of Lisbon (UL) and a Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics from the University of London. He is a Professor of Physics and Environmental Sciences at the University of Lisbon. His present area of research is sustainability science and climate change mitigation, adaptation and geoengineering. He is an IPCC review editor and presently chairman of the Portuguese National Council on the Environment and Sustainable Development. His latest book is “Time, Progress, Growth and Technology, How Humans and the Earth are Responding”, published by Springer, 2021.

Yvette Ramos is a senior engineer (MSc Eng–MBA), governance strategist, and international consultant working with the World Meteorological Organization and the Caribbean Meteorological Organisation to strengthen meteorological and climate services, particularly in LDCs and SIDS. She is president and co-founder of WOMENVAI, with observing status to the United Nations ECOSOC, and is accredited to UNFCCC and UNEP, promoting women’s leadership in STEM and inclusive science-based solutions for vulnerable communities. Her doctoral research at the ICS University of Lisbon focuses on climate governance, emerging technologies and social protection.