1st Edition
Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures
Gain Confidence in Modeling Techniques Used for Complicated Bridge Structures
Bridge structures vary considerably in form, size, complexity, and importance. The methods for their computational analysis and design range from approximate to refined analyses, and rapidly improving computer technology has made the more refined and complex methods of analyses more commonplace. The key methods of analysis and related modeling techniques are set out, mainly for highway bridges, but also with some information on railway bridges. Special topics such as strut-and-tie modeling, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, redundancy analysis, integral bridges, dynamic/earthquake analysis, and bridge geometry are also covered. The material is largely code independent. The book is written for students, especially at MSc level, and for practicing professionals in bridge design offices and bridge design authorities worldwide.
Effectively Analyze Structures Using Simple Mathematical Models
Divided into three parts and comprised of 18 chapters, this text:
- Covers the methods of computational analysis and design suitable for bridge structures
- Provides information on the methods of analysis and related modeling techniques suitable for the design and evaluation of various types of bridges
- Presents material on a wide range of bridge structural types and is fairly code independent
Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures covers the general aspects of bridges, bridge behavior and the modeling of bridges, and special topics on bridges. This text explores the physical meanings behind modeling, and reveals how bridge structures can be analyzed using mathematical models.
Part I
General
Introduction
History of bridges
Bridge types and design process
Loads and load factors
Current development of analysis and design of bridges
Outlook on analysis and design of bridges
Approximate and refined analysis methods
Introduction
Various bridge structural forms
Approximate analysis methods
Plane frame analysis method
Refined analysis methods
Different types of bridges with their selected mathematical modeling
Numerical methods in bridge structure analysis
Introduction
Finite element method
Automatic time incremental creep analysis method
Influence line/surface live loading method
Part II
Bridge behavior and modeling
Reinforced concrete bridges
Introduction
Concrete and steel material properties
Behavior of nonskewed/skewed concrete beam–slab bridges
Principle and modeling of concrete beam–slab bridges
2D and 3D illustrated examples: Three-span continuous skewed concrete slab bridges
2D and 3D illustrated examples: RC T-beam bridge
3D illustrated examples: Skewed simple-span transversely post-tensioned adjacent precast-concrete slab bridges—Knoxville Bridge, Frederick, Maryland
Prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridges
Prestressing basics
Principle and modeling of prestressing
2D illustrated example of a prototype prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridge in the United States
3D illustrated example of a double-cell post-tensioning concrete bridge—Verzasca 2 bridge, Switzerland
3D illustrated example of US23043 precast prestressed concrete beam bridge—Maryland
Illustrated example of a three-span prestressed box-girder bridge
Illustrated example of long-span concrete cantilever bridges—Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Curved concrete bridges
Basics of curved concrete bridges
Principle and modeling of curved concrete bridges
Spine model illustrated examples of Pengpo Interchange, Henan, People’s Republic of China
Grillage model illustrated examples—FHWA Bridge No. 4 185
3D finite element model illustrated examples—NCHRP case study bridge
Straight and curved steel I-girder bridges
Behavior of steel I-girder bridges
Principle and modeling of steel I-girder bridges
2D and 3D illustrated example of a haunched steel I-girder bridge—MD140 Bridge, Maryland
2D and 3D illustrated example of a curved steel I-girder bridge—Rock Creek Trail Pedestrian Bridge, Maryland
2D and 3D illustrated example of a skewed and kinked steel I-girder bridge with straddle bent
2D and 3D illustrated example of a global and local modeling of a simple-span steel I-girder bridge—I-270 Middlebrook Road Bridge, Germantown, Maryland
Straight and curved steel box girder bridges
Behavior of steel box girder bridges
Principle and modeling of steel box girder bridges
2D and 3D illustrated examples of a straight box girder bridge
2D and 3D illustrated examples of a curved box girder bridge—Metro bridge over I495, Washington, DC
2D and 3D illustrated examples of three-span curved box girder bridge—Estero Parkway Bridge, Lee County, Florida
Arch bridges
Introduction
Construction of arch bridges
Principle and analysis of arch bridges
Modeling of arch bridges
3D illustrated example of construction analyses—Yajisha Bridge, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
3D illustrated example of a proposed tied-arch bridge analyses—Linyi, People’s Republic of China
3D illustrated example of an arch bridge—Liujiang Yellow River Bridge, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
Steel truss bridges
Introduction
Behavior of steel truss bridges
Principle and modeling of steel truss bridges
3D illustrated example—Pedestrian pony truss bridge
2D illustrated example—Tydings Bridge, Maryland
3D illustrated example—Francis Scott Key Bridge, Maryland
3D illustrated examples—Shang Xin Bridge, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
Cable-stayed bridges
Basics of cable-stayed bridges
Behavior of cable-stayed bridges
Construction control
Principle and modeling of cable-stayed bridges
Illustrated example of Sutong Bridge, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of Panyu Bridge, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of long cables with crossties
Suspension bridges
Basics of suspension bridges
Construction of suspension bridges
Behavior of suspension bridges
Principle and modeling of suspension bridges
3D illustrated example of Chesapeake Bay Suspension Bridge, Maryland
Part III
Special topics of bridges
Strut-and-tie modeling
Principle of strut-and-tie model
Hand-calculation example of STM
2D illustrated example 1—Abutment on pile
2D illustrated example 2—Walled pier
2D illustrated example 3—Crane beam
2D/3D illustrated example 4—Hammerhead Pier of Thomas Jefferson Bridge
2D illustrated example 5—Integral bent cap
Alternate compatibility STM and 2D illustrated example 6—Cracked deep bent cap
Stability
Basics of structural stability
Buckling
FEM approach of stability analysis
3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania
3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a standard simple arch rib
3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a proposed tied-arch bridge—Linyi, People’s Republic of China
3D illustrated example with nonlinear stability analysis of a cable-stayed bridge, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Redundancy analysis
Basics of bridge redundancy
Principle and modeling of bridge redundancy analysis
3D example with redundancy analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania
3D redundancy analysis under blast loading of a PC beam bridge, Maryland
3D analysis under blast loading of a steel plate girder bridge, Maryland
Integral bridges
Basics of integral bridges
Principle and analysis of IABs
Modeling of IABs
Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in soil spring finite element model
Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in 3D soil continuum finite element model
Dynamic/earthquake analysis
Basics of dynamic analysis
Principle of bridge dynamic analysis
Modeling of bridge for dynamic analysis
3D illustrated example of earthquake analysis by SPA, MPA, and NL-THA—FHWA Bridge No. 4536
3D illustrated example of a high-pier bridge subjected to oblique incidence seismic waves—Pingtang bridge, People’s Republic of China
Bridge geometry
Introduction
Roadway curves
Curve calculations
Curve and surface tessellation
Bridge deck point calculations
Precast segmental bridge geometry control
Trend of bridge computer modeling and visualization
References
Index
Biography
Chung C. Fu, PhD, PE, FASCE, is research professor and bridge consultant, and director of the Bridge Engineering Software and Technology (BEST) Center at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. His publications include 50 referred publications, 20 publications, more than 100 presentations and conference proceedings, and 50 public technical reports. His areas of expertise cover all types of structural engineering, bridge engineering, earthquake engineering, computer application in structures, finite element analysis, ultra high-performance concrete, steel and composite applications, including fiber-reinforced polymer and high-performance steel for innovative bridge research and construction, bridge management, testing (material and structural), and nondestructive evaluation applications.
Shuqing Wang
, PhD, PE, is a senior GIS specialist on contract with the Federal Highway Administration; research fellow/bridge consultant in bridge software development and structural analysis at the BEST Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and former director of the Bridge CAD Division at the Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, People’s Republic of China. His areas of expertise span from leading-edge software technologies to bridge engineering practices, especially modern bridge modeling and structural analysis system development. His research interests now focus on visualizing structural behavior in real time and representing bridge geometric and mechanics models in three dimensions."With the increasing complexity of bridges today, bridge engineers require more contemporary references on the topic of bridge analysis. This book provides a great desktop reference for the entry-level to the seasoned bridge engineer. The authors have provided a great balance in theory and application to cover the spectrum of bridge types we design, rehabilitate, preserve, and repair in the industry today. The analysis of bridges continues to evolve to meet the complexity of today’s bridges - this book will serve as a vital tool to bridge engineers challenged with implementing a more refined analysis."
—Shane R. Beabes, PE, AECOM, District Chief Engineer – Bridges, Associate Vice President Chair - AASHTO / NSBA Joint Collaboration Committee"Modern bridge design has evolved, along with the technology of computers, exponentially in our time. The expertise offered by these authors in this book will be invaluable to anyone interested in learning modern bridge design thru computer modeling. All of the available options for computer modeling are discussed along with their pros and cons, and are demonstrated with examples and powerful graphics. …The application of today's computer technology to the art of bridge design can be a big challenge. This book lays out the available options and their limitations, for the use of computer modeling in designing virtually all types of bridge components, structure types and span lengths."
—William J. Moreau, P.E., New York State Bridge Authority, USA