Central Operation and Control of Power Systems
General
Control Center of a Power System
Digital Computer Configuration
Automatic Generation Control for a Power System
Area Control Error
CPS1
CPS2, 10 Min Average
Disturbance Conditions
Operation without Central Computers or AGC
Parallel Operation of Generators
Network Power Flows
Oversimplified Power Flow (dc Power Flow)
Area Lumped Dynamic Model
Problems
References
Elements of Transmission Networks
Phasor Notation
Symmetrical Component Transformation
Floating Voltage Base Per-Unit Systems
Overhead Transmission Line Representation
Inductance of Long Parallel Conductors
Balanced Three-Phase Lines
Unbalanced Lines
Capacitance of Transmission Lines
General Method to Determine Aerial Transmission Line Parameters
Transformer Representation
Wye–Delta and Phase-Shift Transformers
Multiple-Winding Transformers
Synchronous Machine Representation
Steady-State Synchronous Machine Equivalent
Short-Circuit Characteristics
Transient-Time-Frame Synchronous Machine Equivalent
Subtransient-Time-Frame Synchronous Machine Equivalent
Problems
References
Bus Reference Frame
Linear Network Injections and Loads
Bus Impedance Matrix for Elements without Mutual Coupling
Adding a Tree Branch to Bus p
Adding a Tree Branch to the Reference
Adding a Cotree Link between Buses p and q
Adding a Cotree Link from Bus p to Reference
The Bus Admittance Matrix
Bus Impedance Matrix for Elements with Mutual Coupling
Inversion of the YBUS Matrix for Large Systems
Tinney’s Optimally Ordered Triangular Factorization [3]
Tinney’s Schemes for Near-Optimal Ordering
Several Iterative Methods for Linear Matrices
Gaussian Iteration
Gauss-Seidel Iteration
Problems
References
Network Fault and Contingency Calculations
Fault Calculations Using ZBUS
Approximations Common to Short-Circuit Studies
Fault Calculations Using the YBUS Table of Factors
Contingency Analysis for Power Systems
Contingency Analysis for Power Systems
Contingencies Using ZBUS in a Superposition Method
ZBUS Line Contingency Method
Using the YBUS Table of Factors for Contingencies
Double Contingencies Using YBUS Table of Factors (Balanced Case)
Problems
References
Power Flow on Transmission Networks
Slack Bus
ZBUS Formulation for Load-Flow Equations
Gauss or Gauss-Seidel Iteration Using YBUS
Newton-Raphson Iterative Scheme Using YBUS
Approximations to the Jacobian in the Newton-Raphson Method
Adjustment of Network Operating Conditions
Operational Power Flow Programs
Problems
References
Generator Base Power Setting
Economic Dispatch of Generation without Transmission Line Losses
Economic Dispatch of Generation with Line Losses
On-line Execution of the Economic Dispatch
Day-Ahead Economic Dispatch with a Variable Number of Units On-line
Power Transmission Line Losses for Economic Dispatch
Utilizing the Load-Flow Jacobian for Economic Dispatch
Economic Exchange of Power between Areas
Economy A Program
Problems
References
State Estimation from On-line Measurements
The Line Power Flow State Estimator
State Estimation and Noisy Measurements
Monitoring the Power System
Determination of Variance S2 to Normalize Measurements
Problems
References
Appendix A: Conductor Resistance and Rating
Equations
Index
Biography
Kusic, George
