Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems
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Book Description
Implementing the automation of electric distribution networks, from simple remote control to the application of software-based decision tools, requires many considerations, such as assessing costs, selecting the control infrastructure type and automation level, deciding on the ambition level, and justifying the solution through a business case. Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution Systems addresses all of these issues to aid you in resolving automation problems and improving the management of your distribution network.
Bringing together automation concepts as they apply to utility distribution systems, this volume presents the theoretical and practical details of a control and automation solution for the entire distribution system of substations and feeders. The fundamentals of this solution include depth of control, boundaries of control responsibility, stages of automation, automation intensity levels, and automated device preparedness. To meet specific performance goals, the authors discuss distribution planning, performance calculations, and protection to facilitate the selection of the primary device, associated secondary control, and fault indicators. The book also provides two case studies that illustrate the business case for distribution automation (DA) and methods for calculating benefits, including the assessment of crew time savings.
As utilities strive for better economies, DA, along with other tools described in this volume, help to achieve improved management of the distribution network. Using Control and Automation of Electric Power Distribution Systems, you can embark on the automation solution best suited for your needs.
Table of Contents
POWER DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTROL AND AUTOMATION
Introduction
Why Distribution Automation
Power Delivery Systems
Control Hierarchy
What Is Distribution Automation
Distribution Automation System
Basic Architectures and Implementation Strategies for DA
Definitions of Automated Device Preparedness
Summary
CENTRAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Power System Operation
Operations Environment of Distribution Networks
Evolution of Distribution Management Systems
Basic Distribution Management System Functions
Basic of a Real-Time Control System (SCADA)
Outage Management
Decision Support Tools
Subsystems
Extended Control-Feeder Automation
Performance Measures and Response Times
Data Base Structures and Interfaces
Conclusions
Appendix 2A: Sample Comprehensive CIM Structure
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, MV NETWORKS
Introduction
Design of Networks
LV Distribution Networks
Switchgear for Distribution Substations and LV Networks
Extended Control of Distribution Substations and LV Networks
Summary
HARDWARE FOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Introduction to Switchgear
Primary Switchgear
Ground Mounted Network Substations
Larger Distribution/Compact Substations
Pole Mounted Enclosed Switches
Pole Mounted Reclosers
Pole Mounted Switch Disconnectors and Disconnectors
Operating Mechanisms and Actuators
Current and Voltage Measuring Devices
Instrument Transformers in Extended Control
Current and Voltage Sensors
PROTECTION AND CONTROL
Introduction
Protection Using Relays
Sensitive Earth Fault and Instantaneous Protection Schemes
Protection Using Fuses
Earth Fault and Overcurrent Protection for Solid/ Resistance Earthed Networks
Earth Faults on Compensated Networks
Earth Faults on Unearthed Networks
An Earth Fault Relay for Compensated and Unearthed Networks
Fault Passage Indication
Connection of the FPI to the Distribution System Conductor
Distribution System Earthing and Fault Passage Indication
AutoReclosing and Fault Passage Indicators
The Choice of Indication between Phase Fault and Earth Fault
Resetting the Fault Passage Indicator
Grading of Fault Passage Indicators
Selecting a Fault Passage Indicator
Intelligent Electronic Device (IED)
Power Supplies for Extended Control
Automation Ready Switchgear - FA Building Blocks
Examples of Building Blocks
Typical Inputs and Outputs for Building Blocks
Control Building Blocks and Retrofit
Control Logic
PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Faults on Distribution Networks
Performance and Basic Reliability Calculations
Calculating the Effects of Extended Control
Improving the Reliability of Underground Networks
Improving the Reliability of Overhead Networks
Improving Performance with Automation
Improvements by Combining Design Methods on Underground Circuits
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR CONTROL AND AUTOMATION
Introduction
Communications and Distribution Automation
DA Communication Physical Link Options
Wireless Communication
Wire Communications
Distribution Automation Communications Protocols
Distribution Automation Communications Architecture
DA Communications User Interface
Some Considerations for DA Communications Selection
Requirements for Dimensioning the Communications Channel
Glossary of Communication Terms Used
CREATING THE BUSINESS CASE
Introduction
Potential Benefits Perceived by the Industry for Substation Automation
Potential Benefits Perceived by the Industry for Feeder Automation
Generic Benefits
Benefits Opportunity Matrix
Benefits Flow Chart
Dependencies, Shared and Unshared Benefits
Capital Deferral, Release, or Displacement
Savings in Manpower
Savings Related to Energy
Other Operating Benefits
Summary of DA Functions and Benefits
Economic Value-Cost
Presentation of Results and Conclusion
CASE STUDIES
Introduction
Case Study 1, Long Rural Feeder
Case Study 2, Large Urban Network
Glossary
Index
Author(s)
Biography
Northcote-Green, James; Wilson, Robert G.