Creative and Cultural Work in Europe

1. Introduction: Approaching Creative and Cultural Work in Europe

David Wright, Bård Kleppe, Jaka Primorac, and Miikka Pyykkönen

Part I: The Precarious Present of Creative and Cultural Work

2. Measuring Matters: Mapping Cultural and Creative Work in Europe

Bård Kleppe, Jaka Primorac, and Heidi Ashton

3. Creativity and the ‘Work’ of Art: Visual Artists’ Perspectives

Simone Wesner and David Wright

4. On the Heterogeneity of Creative Work: Exploring Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cultural Workers in the Balkans

Goran Tomka and Višnja Kisić

5. Closing the Gap? Gender Differences in Norwegian Artists’ Work and Income

Bård Kleppe and Mari Torvik Heian

6. Patterns in Artists’ Careers: Adapting to Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Socio- Economic Constraints

Ieva Zemīte and Kristaps Ancāns

7. "Oh My God, What Have I Done All Day?": Challenges of Measuring the Value of Creative Work

Chris Bilton and

Miikka Pyykkönen

Part II: Challenges for Policy: Changing the Conditions of Creative and Cultural Work

8. Barcelona Creation Factories: Improving the Support for Creative Work through an Innovative Cultural Policy

Joaquim Rius-Ulldemolins

9. Welfare Policy as Cultural Policy in the UK: From Enterprise Allowance to Universal Credit

Heidi Ashton, Chris Bilton, and David Wright

10. Building Creative Careers through Working Relations: The Case of the Norwegian Artist Assistant Scheme

Mari Torvik Heian and Åsne Dahl Haugsevje

11. From Precarity to Security? How Can Cultural Policies Tackle the Challenging Working Conditions of Creative Self- Employees in Europe?

Miikka Pyykkönen

12. The Trajectory of Film Work as Precarious Project Work: From Organization of Associated Labour, through Semi- Permanent Workgroups, to Gig Jobs

Jaka Primorac

13. The Creative Middle Class: Between Neoliberalism and Commonism

Pascal Gielen

Part III: Contested Futures of Creative and Cultural Work

14. How to Move Things with Unions? Labour Organizing of Art Workers in the Post-Yugoslav Context

Katja Praznik

15. Creative Labour as Platform Work: Structural Inequalities and Digital Peripheries

Jaka Primorac and Heidi Ashton

16. Universal Basic Income and the Future of (Creative) Work

Heidi Ashton, Chris Bilton, and David Wright

17. Ecologically Sustainable Creative Work? Rethinking Cultural Policies and Practices of Creative Work in the Wake of Green Transition

Višnja Kisić, Miikka Pyykkönen, and Goran Tomka

18. Navigating Symbolic Boundaries: Migrants’ Artistic Practices and the Struggle for Recognition

Michael Parzer

19. Conclusion: Supporting Creative and Cultural Work in Europe

David Wright, Bård Kleppe, Jaka Primorac, and Miikka Pyykkönen

Biography

Bård Kleppe works as a research professor at the Telemark Research Institute. He has conducted several research projects on cultural policy, artists' working conditions, and the creative sector.

Jaka Primorac works as a scientific advisor at the Institute for Development and International Relations (IRMO), Zagreb, with research interests in the field of cultural and creative industries, cultural labour, cultural policy and digital culture.

Miikka Pyykkönen is Professor of Cultural Policy in the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä. He specializes in cultural policy, creative economy, and ethnopolitics, but his research interests also cover entrepreneurship, cultural participation of youth, government and governance, and social theory.

David Wright is an associate professor in the Centre for Cultural and Media Policy Studies at the University of Warwick, where he teaches and researches cultural policy and cultural work.

“This book takes a multidisciplinary social science view on creative and cultural work and workers, highlighting the many policy domains that boundary-spanning cultural and creative professionals encounter, lays bare hard data on working conditions, and calls for progressive policies beyond praise of creativity as the future of Europe.”

Katja Lindqvist, Department of Service Studies, Lund University

"Comparative perspectives on the cultural and creative sectors are a crucial missing piece of the research field. This important new collection addresses that absence, giving significant insight into the challenges and the possibilities of cross-national cultural research. Focused on Europe, but with globally relevant insights, the book shows how the problems of creative work are not inevitable, and how another Europe is possible through art, culture and creative labour."

Dave O'Brien, Professor of Cultural and Creative Industries, University of Manchester