1st Edition
Critical Discourse in Odia
This volume forms part of the Critical Discourses in South Asia series, which deals with schools, movements and discursive practices in major South Asian languages. It offers crucial insights into the making of Odia literature and its critical tradition across a century. The book brings together English translation of major writings of influential figures dealing with literary criticism and theory, aesthetic and performative traditions, and re-interpretations of primary concepts and categories in Odia. It presents twenty-five key texts in literary and cultural studies from late-nineteenth century to early-twenty-first century, translated by experts for the first time into English. These seminal essays explore complex interconnections between socio-historical events in the colonial and post-Independence period in Odisha and the language movement. They discuss themes such as the evolving idea of literature and criteria of critical evaluation; revision and expansion of the literary canon; the transition from orality to print; emergence of new reading practices resulting in shifts in aesthetic sensibility; dialectics of tradition and modernity; and the formation, consolidation and political consequences of a language-based identity.
Comprehensive and authoritative, this volume offers an overview of the history of critical thought in Odia literature in South Asia. It will be essential for scholars and researchers of Odia language and literature, literary criticism, literary theory, comparative literature, Indian literature, cultural studies, art and aesthetics, performance studies, history, sociology, regional studies and South Asian studies. It will also interest the Odia-speaking diaspora and those working on the intellectual history of Odisha and Eastern India and conservation of language and culture.
Introduction
Jatindra Kumar Nayak and Animesh Mohapatra
1. Odia folktales
Mohini Mohan Senapati
Translated by Shaswat Panda
2. Village songs in Odia
Chakradhar Mohapatra
Translated by Animesh Mohapatra
3. Colophons of palm-leaf manuscripts in Odisha
Debi Prasanna Pattanayak
Translated by Urmishree Bedamatta
4. Sudramuni Sarala Das: the author of Odia Mahabharata
Shyam Sundar Rajguru
Translated by Niroj Kumar Sethi
5. Reflections on Sarala Das’s Mahabharata: excerpts from Sree Bharata Darpan
Gopinath Nanda Sarma
Translated by Sumanyu Satpathy
6. The portrayal of women in Sarala Das’s Mahabharata
Sarala Devi
Translated by Kalidas Misra
7. Representations of the conflict between the city and the forest in Odia literature
Gaganendra Nath Dash
Translated by Shaswat Panda
8. An essay on Dinakrushna Das’s Rasakallola
Mrutyunjay Ratha
Translated by Urmishree Bedamatta
9. Baladeb Ratha and his experiments in poetry
Sachchidananda Mishra
Translated by Ujaan Ghosh and Amrita Chowdhury
10. Perso-Arabic influence on Odia literature
Krushna Charan Behera
Translated by Sangram Jena
11. Michael Madhusudan Dutta and his Meghanadvadh Kavya
Fakir Mohan Senapati
Translated by Jatindra Kumar Nayak and Animesh Mohapatra
12. System of patronage and attribution of authorship in Colonial Odisha: the case of Gangadhar Meher
Debendra Dash
Translated by Umasankar Patra
13. War of words: aspects of a literary controversy
Sudarsana Acharya
Translated by Animesh Mohapatra
14. The need for a literary periodical
Biswanath Kar and Chandra Mohan Maharana
Translated by Aditya Nayak
15. Two Odia books: a review
Gopal Chandra Praharaj
Translated by Sumanyu Satpathy
16. Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Mamu: a review
Ashraf Ali Khan
Translated by Umasankar Patra
17. Literature and morality
Surendra Mohanty
Translated by Aruni Mahapatra
18. Odia drama: a study of its social background
Girija Sankar Ray
Translated by Haramohan Nayak
19. Accounting for literary change: a survey of modern Odia poetry
Basant Kumar Satpathy
Translated by Niroj Kumar Sethi
20. Netramani’s diary
Natabara Samantaray
Translated by Jyotirmaya Tripathy
21. Rabindranath Tagore and modern Odia poetry
Gopinath Mohanty
Translated by Snehaprava Das
22. The commercial prospects of modern Odia literature
Krishna Chandra Panigrahi
Translated by Amrita Chowdhury and Ujaan Ghosh
23. The poetry of Sachidananda Rautray
Chintamani Behera
Translated by Jatindra Kumar Nayak
24. Odia literature: a historical enquiry
Nilakantha Das
Translated by Jatindra Kumar Nayak
25. Literature and philosophy
Bipin Bihari Ray
Translated Asim Ranjan Parhi
Glossary
Biography
Jatindra Kumar Nayak is former Professor of English, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. He is recipient of the Hutch-Crossword Book Award, 2004, and Katha Translation Award, 1997. He is a member of the English Advisory Board, Sahitya Akademi. His English translations of classic Odia novels include Chandrasekhar Rath’s Yantrarudha (Astride the Wheel, 2003), Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Mamu (The Maternal Uncle, 2007) and J P Das’s Desh Kal Patra (A Time Elsewhere, 2009). He has co-edited Reminiscences: Excerpts from Oriya and Bangla Autobiographies (2004) and Memory, Images, Imagination: An Anthology of Bangla and Odia Writings on Colonial Burma (2010).
Animesh Mohapatra teaches English literature at Delhi College of Arts & Commerce, University of Delhi, India. His research interests include literary history, modernity studies, translation and print culture. He has co-edited a selection of critical essays by eminent Odia critic Natabara Samantaray in English translation, which was published by Sahitya Akademi in 2017. He has recently contributed a chapter on Odia devotional songs to a volume titled Bonding with the Lord: Jagannath, Popular Culture and Community Formation (2020).
‘The translation of novels, stories and plays from Indian languages is now a flourishing field. The translation of scholarly and critical works, however, is much less developed. This landmark volume presents a wide-ranging and richly informative history of Odia literature through its translation of major essays in literary criticism. The contributions cover different genres — folk tales, village songs, epics, novels, poems and plays. They discuss literature with regard to its aesthetic aspects as well as in its social and historical context. The book is further enriched by a brilliant introduction by the editors, which provides a magisterial overview of literary production in Odia from oral traditions and palm-leaf manuscripts to print culture.’
Ramachandra Guha, historian and biographer
‘All literary traditions are constantly evolving and, in this volume, we find this happening before our eyes in the case of Odia. The twenty-five extracts selected here from the critical debates that took place in the modern period convey a vivid sense of the contestations over tradition and modernity, the shaping of the literary public sphere, and the formation of the canon. The editorial headnotes are a model of their kind in their erudition and perspicacity. Critical Discourse in Odia will serve to enrich and refine our understanding of Odia Literature substantially.’
Harish Trivedi, critic, scholar and former Professor of English, University of Delhi, India
‘The twenty-five carefully chosen essays in this excellent volume, competently translated from Odia into English, enlighten us on the origin and the development of literary criticism in Odia, the evolution of the idea of literature, and the gradual emergence of a responsive readership of critical discourse in this language. The introduction to the volume embodies outstanding scholarship. Specialists and general readers will certainly find reading this book an enjoyable and enriching experience.’
Bibudhendra Narayan Patnaik, linguist, scholar, and former Professor of English and Linguistics, IIT Kanpur, India
‘A remarkable, much-needed resource for anyone — writer, reader, scholar — interested in India’s, and Odisha’s, unique but insufficiently addressed literary modernity.’
Amit Chaudhuri, novelist and critic, and Professor of Contemporary Literature, University of East Anglia, UK
‘Odisha is the first state in India to be organized on linguistic lines — an index of the pioneering nature of its linguistic consciousness. Falling under the ‘rain shadow region’ of Bangla and English, knowledge about the depth and range of Odisha’s linguistic culture and its encounter with modernity is unfortunately scant. Edited by Odisha’s foremost bilingual scholar with the collaboration of a younger academic, Critical Discourse in Odia rectifies this gap with twenty-five essays drawn from nearly one-and-a-half centuries. Introductory notes on the essays are both informative and insightful. A model for future volumes on other literary cultures to emulate.’
A.R. Venkatachalapathy, Professor, Madras Institute of Development Studies and author of The Province of the Book: Scholars, Scribes and Scribblers in Colonial Tamilnadu
‘This very important volume features a selection of key Odia-language critical essays in English translation. It foregrounds the critical tradition in Odia, makes essays on Odia oral and literary culture more accessible and promises to significantly transform our university curricula, as well as our understanding of Indian critical discourse.’
Sayantan Dasgupta, Coordinator, Centre for Translation of Indian Literatures, Department of Comparative Literature, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
‘This collection of twenty-five essays in translation — a collaborative project between the two editors and a score of translators — represents a landmark bridge by which to access Odia literature and literary criticism. The selected essays, written by Odisha's leading writers and scholars, document the trends and developments in the Odia critical tradition from the late-nineteenth century to the present. They also reflect the process by which Odia literary culture reconciled its historical manuscript tradition with the modern medium of print.’
Murali Ranganathan, urban historian and translator, Mumbai, India
