1 Cyclodextrins for Enhanced Ultraviolet Rays Filtration: Principles and Applications
K. Sivakumar, A. Nalini, G. Selvakumar, and Ajoy K. Sarkar
1.1 Introduction: Ultraviolet Rays Filtration
1.1.1 Harmful Effects of UV Radiation
1.1.2 Need for UV Rays Filtration Technologies
1.1.3 Challenges in UV Rays Filtration
1.1.4 Need for Innovative Solutions
1.2 Cyclodextrins for Ultraviolet Rays Filtration
1.3 Mechanism of UV Rays Filtration by Host-Guest Complexes of Cyclodextrins
1.4 UVR Absorbers: Skeleton and Functioning
1.5 Drawbacks Associated with UVR Absorbers: Skin Penetration and Environmental Impact
1.6 Cyclodextrins as a Problem Solver
1.7 Significance of This Chapter
1.8 Chronicle Development of CD:UVR Absorber Complexes
1.9 Cyclodextrins for Enhancing the UPF of Fabrics
1.10 Cyclodextrins for Enhancing the SPF of Pen Ink
1.11 Cyclodextrins for Enhancing the SPF of Sunscreen Formulations
1.12 Important Generalizations
1.13 Future Outlook
1.14 An Overview of the Content of the Book
2 Cyclodextrins as Encapsulants for UV-Ray Absorber Complexes in Sunscreen Cosmetics
K Ganesh Kadiyala, Madhavi Vemula, Rama Swamy Guttula, and K. Pavan Krishna
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Structure of Skin
2.3 Skin Protection from UV Light
2.4 Drawbacks of Uncomplxed UV Filters
2.5 Encapsulation of UV Filters with Cyclodextrins
2.6 Photostability UV Filters Following Encapsulation with β-CD
2.6.1 Encapsulation of AVO and OCT in β-CD
2.6.2 Encapsulation of Onion Peels with β-CD
2.7 Conclusions
3 Cyclodextrins for Enhancing the Photostability of UVR Absorbers
Lakhi Chetry, Partha Pratim Sarma, and Pranjal K. Baruah
3.1 Introduction
3.2 UV Filters
3.3 CD and Its Derivatives
3.4 CD Inclusion Complexes
3.5 Factors Affecting the Formation of Inclusion Complexes
3.5.1 Shape and Size of Guest Molecules and CD
3.5.2 Nature of Guest Molecule (Neutral, Positive, or Negative Charge)
3.5.3 pH
3.6 Methods of Preparation of CD Inclusion Complexes
3.7 Characterization of CDs Complexes
3.8 Driving Force for Formation of Inclusion Complex
3.9 CDs for Enhancing the Stability of UVR Absorber Molecules
3.9.1 UVR Absorbers-CDs Inclusion Complexes
3.9.2 The Effectiveness of UV Absorber-CD Complexes in Sunscreen Formulations
3.10 Recent Advances in CDs Inclusion Complexes for Enhancing the Stability of UVR Absorbers
3.11 Conclusion
4 Cyclodextrins Unveiled: Revolutionizing UV Protection Across Diverse Sectors
Santosh Kumar Badampudi, K.V. Nagalakshmi, and Santosh Kumar Nadikatla
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Role of Cyclodextrins as UVR Filters in the Cosmetic Sector
4.2.1 The Key Functions of Cyclodextrins in Cosmetics
4.2.2 Essential Features of an Effective Sunscreen
4.2.3 Working Mechanism of Cyclodextrins as UV Filters in Cosmetics
4.3 Role of Cyclodextrins as UV Filters in Pharmaceutical Sector
4.3.1 Various Types of Drugs Are Affected by UV Radiation and Are Protected by Cyclodextrin
4.3.2 Significant Applications of Cyclodextrin in Pharmaceuticals
4.3.3 Drug Delivery Systems
4.4 Role of Cyclodextrins as UV Filters in the Food Sector
4.4.1 Mechanism of Action
4.4.2 Use of Cyclodextrin on Various Food Items Affected by UV Radiation
4.5 Role of Cyclodextrins as UV Filters in Agriculture
4.5.1 Applications of Cyclodextrin-Based UV Filters in Agriculture
4.6 Conclusions
5 Cyclodextrin-Modified Antioxidants as UV-Ray Absorbers
Rima Das
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Natural Antioxidant-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.1 Quercetin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.2 Rutin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.3 Ferulic Acid-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.4 Resveratrol-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.5 Astaxanthin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.6 Chrysin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.7 Kaempferol-CD and Myricetin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.8 Garlic Oil-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.9 Vitamin E-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.10 Phloretin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.11 Curcumin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.12 Lycopene-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.13 Baicalein-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.14 Saikosaponin-CD Inclusion Complex
5.2.15 Coenzyme Q10-CD Inclusion Complex
5.3 Conclusions
6 Innovative Utilization of Cyclodextrins for Advanced UVR Filtration
Sarojini, Sr. S, A. Dinesh Karthik and Mary Nancy Flora R.
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Cyclodextrins: Structure and Properties
6.3 Mechanisms of UVR Filtration by Cyclodextrin Complexes
6.4 Cyclodextrin-UVR Absorber Complexes
6.5 Comprehensive Assessment of Cyclodextrin-Based UVR Filters
6.6 Applications in Pharmaceuticals
6.7 Applications in Cosmetics
6.8 Future Perspectives
6.9 Conclusion
7 Unlocking the Potential of Cyclodextrins: Advantages, Applications, and Cyclodextrin-UVR Absorber Complexes in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Kamakshi Gnanasekaran, Janice Marianne John, and Shinomol George K.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Conformational Flexibility of Cyclodextrins
7.3 Complexation Properties of Cyclodextrin
7.4 Cyclodextrin-UVR Absorber Complexes in Pharmaceuticals
7.5 Hydrogen Bonding and Aqueous Solubility of Cyclodextrin
7.6 Preparation of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
7.7 Limitations of Cyclodextrin
7.8 Future Perspectives
8 Applications of UVR Absorber: Cyclodextrin Complexes
Sagarika Deepthy Tallapragada, Shouvik Kumar Nandy, Sanjukta Das, and Saikat Bhattacharya
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Formation and Characterization of Cyclodextrin Complexes
8.3 Enhanced Stability and Solubility of Cyclodextrin Complexes
8.4 Utilization of Cyclodextrin Complexes in Sunscreen Formulations as UVR Absorbers
8.5 Biocompatibility and Safety Profile of Cyclodextrin Complexes
8.6 Assessment of the Biocompatibility and Safety Profile of Cyclodextrin Complexes for Topical Application
8.7 Other Applications of Cyclodextrin Complexes in Different Industries
8.8 Conclusion
9 Cyclodextrins in UV Protection: Advanced Absorbers for Versatile Materials
Saptadwipa Bhattacharjee, Arif Hossain Patowari, Barnali De Sarkar, Taniya Das, Tamalika Maitra, and Pranab Ghosh
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principles of Cyclodextrin-Inclusion Complexes
9.3 Organic UVR Absorbers with Cyclodextrins
9.4 Inorganic UVR Absorbers with Cyclodextrins
9.5 Nanoparticle UVR Absorbers with Cyclodextrins
9.6 Mechanism of Action
9.7 Advantages and Limitations
9.8 Recent Studies and Applications
9.9 Safety and Efficacy
9.10 Outlook for Future Research and Development in Cyclodextrin-Based UVR Absorbers
9.11 Conclusion
10 Cyclodextrin-UVR-Absorbing Molecular Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy
K Ganesh Kadiyala and Bandla Kanaka Durga
10.1 Introduction
10.2 UVR Absorbers
10.3 Cyclodextrin Complexes with UVR Absorbers: Enhancing Stability and Efficacy
10.4 Nanoparticle-Based Cyclodextrin Complexes for PDT
10.5 Cyclodextrin-Based Hybrid Materials for Controlled Release and Activation in PDT
10.6 Application of Cyclodextrin-UVR Absorber Complexes in the Food Industry
10.7 Conclusions
11 Cyclodextrins: Revolutionizing Sunscreen Performance and Protection
Khan Aejaz Ahmed, Wan Nurhidayah Wan Hanaffi, Usama Ahmad, and Mohd Muazzam Khan
11.1 Introduction
11.2 UVR Absorbers: Mechanism of Action
11.3 Interaction of CDs and UVR Absorbers
11.4 Impact of Inclusion Complexes of UVR Absorbers with CDs
11.5 Case Studies of Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Various UVR Absorbers
11.6 Future Directions and Research Opportunities
11.7 Conclusion
12 Cyclodextrin-Enhanced UVR Absorbers: Versatile Solutions for Fabrics, Polymers, and Beyond
Ayfer Koyuncu and Fatih Ciftci
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Cyclodextrins as Hosts for UVR Absorbers
12.3 Cyclodextrin Structure and Properties Relevant to UVR Filtration
12.4 Application of CD-Encapsulated UVR Absorbers in Fabrics, Textiles, and Polymer Films
12.5 Organic UVR Absorbers with Cyclodextrins
12.6 Inorganic UVR Absorbers and Cyclodextrin Complexes
12.7 Nanoparticle-Based UVR Absorbers with Cyclodextrins
12.8 Comparison of Organic, Inorganic, and Nanoparticle UVR Absorbers with CDs
12.9 Results and Discussion
12.10 Conclusion
13 Impact of Cyclodextrins on the Ultraviolet/Sun Protection Factors (UVPF/SPF) of UVR Absorbers
Subhadeep Saha, Tanmoy Dutta, Sudipta K. Kundu, Ekramul Kabir, and Abdul Ashik Khan
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Chemistry of Cyclodextrins
13.3 UV Radiations and UV/Sun Protection Factors (UVPF/SPF)
13.4 Cyclodextrins and UVR Absorbers
13.5 Mechanisms of Cyclodextrin Interaction with UVR Absorbers
13.6 Experimental Evidence
13.7 Practical Applications
13.8 Future Directions
13.9 Conclusion
14 Enhancing UVR Absorber Efficacy with Cyclodextrins in Cosmetic and Non-Cosmetic Materials
Maria Soledad Bueno, Belén Alejandra Mezzano, Micaela Ponce Ponte, Marcela Raquel Longhi, and Claudia Garnero
14.1 Introduction
14.2 UV Filters Classification
14.2.1 Organic UV Filters
14.2.2 Inorganic UV Filters
14.2.3 Hybrid UV Filters
14.2.4 Antioxidants
14.3 Application of CD Complexes in Cosmetic UV Protective Products
14.3.1 Effect of CDs on UV Filters Susceptible to Degradation upon Exposure to Sunlight and Oxygen
14.3.2 Effect of CDs on Retention, Absorption, and or Penetration of the UV Filters in Cutaneous Layers
14.3.3 Effect of CDs on UV Protection Efficacy of UV Filters
14.3.4 Patents
14.4 Application of CD Complexes in Non-Cosmetic UV Protective Materials
14.4.1 Protective Clothing
14.4.2 Packaging Materials
14.4.3 Other Protective Materials
14.5 Conclusion and Perspectives
Biography
Prof. Dr. Sivakumar Krishnamoorthy serves as Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and as the Director of the Research and Development Cell at Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya (SCSVMV), a Deemed-to-be University (www.kanchiuniv.ac.in) in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Inspired by the versatility of cyclodextrins, his research focuses on developing innovative application materials through cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. He holds one granted Indian patent on cyclodextrin application and has filed five patent applications. He is a recipient of a research fellowship from the prestigious Indian Academy of Sciences and has authored over 115 research papers. He has secured funding from various Government of India agencies, including DST, CSIR, UGC, DAE, the Indian Academy of Sciences, and the Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, for his research projects and programs.
