1st Edition
Driver Training for Automated Vehicles A Systems Approach
Since the introduction of Automated Vehicles (AVs) on roads, there have been a number of high-profile collisions, which have highlighted significant driver challenges. These include challenges associated with drivers’ trust in the automation, their knowledge and awareness of the AV’s capabilities and limitations and their reduced situation awareness of the road environment and the vehicle. Solutions are needed to overcome these challenges, so that the expected benefits of AVs can be realised.
Driver Training for Automated Vehicles: A Systems Approach identifies the training requirements for drivers of AVs and takes a systematic approach to design, develop, implement and evaluate a comprehensive training package to address these requirements. This book explores how training can overcome the driver challenges associated with AVs by improving drivers’ mental models, trust in automation, decisions and behaviour when activating a Level 4 AV. It presents a systematic approach to the training lifecycle, by first presenting the current state of research into AVs, identifying the challenges and training requirements for drivers of AVs, and then developing and evaluating a training programme to achieve these requirements. This fascinating title highlights the need for drivers to undergo training for AVs, and takes us a step closer to this need. It walks readers through a systematic, four-step process and provides practical guidance to develop and evaluate an effective training programme. The reader will develop a thorough understanding of the current driver challenges with AVs and the methods and systems to mitigate them through current knowledge and research.
This book is an ideal read for practitioners, designers and academics with a professional or research interest in AVs. Its appeal extends to those in the fields of automotive design, Systems Engineering, Human Factors and education and training.
1. Introduction. 2. Driver Training for Manual and Automated Vehicles. 3. Applying the Themes to Currently Deployed Driver Training Programmes in the UK. 4. Applying the Themes to Five Automated Vehicle Collisions. 5. Applying the Themes to IAM RoadSmart’s Advanced Driver Course. 6. A Training Needs Analysis for Drivers of the Level 4 Automated Vehicle. 7. An Exploration of Current Training Methods and Principals. 8. The Development of an Automated Vehicle Driver Training Programme. 9. The Development and Evaluation of an Online Video-Based Training Resource for Drivers of the Level 4 Automated Vehicle. 10. The Development and Evaluation of a Blended Training Approach for the Safe Activation of the Level 4 Automated Vehicle. 11. Summary and Conclusions. 12. Appendices.
Biography
Dr Siobhán E. Merriman, BSc, MSc, PhD, Grad.CIEHF, MIES, is a Visiting Research Fellow in Human Factors Engineering within the Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton. Siobhán holds a BSc in Psychology (2018, Royal Holloway University), an MSc in Human Factors and Ergonomics (2019, University of Nottingham) and was awarded a PhD in Engineering and the Environment at the University of Southampton in March 2023. Siobhán’s PhD research involved designing, developing and evaluating Training Programmes to improve drivers’ mental models, trust, decisions and behaviour when activating Automated Vehicles. In 2022, Siobhan’s PhD work contributed to a Government Policy Consultation on Self-Driving Vehicles and was awarded the Dieter W. Jahns Student Practitioner Award by the Foundation for Professional Ergonomics. Since completing her PhD, Siobhán has been investigating how vulnerable road users (e.g. cyclists and pedestrians) will be impacted by the introduction of Automated Vehicles, as part of the REsilient Autonomous SOcio-cyber-physical ageNts project within the UK Research and Innovation Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Programme.
Dr Katherine L. Plant, PhD, C.ErgHF, Fellow of HEA, is an Associate Professor in Human Factors Engineering in the Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton. Katherine is the Director of the Human Factors Engineering team, who, in 2018, were the recipients of The Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors Presidents Award. Katherine manages an extensive research portfolio covering the fields of trust in autonomous systems, command and control, road safety, and aviation. Katherine’s research interests lie in understanding how people make decisions and how we can design the world to support the operational decisions that people need to make safely.
Dr Kirsten M. A. Revell, PhD, is a Human Factors Engineering Adjunct Research Fellow in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton in the UK. Kirsten has degrees in Psychology, Industrial Design and Human Factors Engineering. Kirsten’s industry background focused on developing technical training programs for Microsoft Ltd. Kirsten’s academic work at Brunel University London and the University of Southampton has focused on cognition, usability, and system design. Kirsten specialises in automotive automation and a mental models approach to design and is a passionate advocate for equitable research outputs.
Professor Neville A. Stanton, PhD, DSc, is a Chartered Psychologist, Chartered Ergonomist and Chartered Engineer. Neville is Professor Emeritus of Human Factors Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton in the UK. Neville has degrees in Occupational Psychology, Applied Psychology and Human Factors Engineering and has worked at the Universities of Aston, Brunel, Cornell and MIT. Neville’s research interests include modelling, predicting, analysing and evaluating human performance in systems as well as designing the interfaces and interaction between humans and technology. Neville has worked on the design of automobiles, aircraft, ships and control rooms over the past 30 years, on a variety of automation projects. Neville has published 50 books and over 400 journal papers on Ergonomics and Human Factors. In 1998 Neville was presented with the Institution of Electrical Engineers Divisional Premium Award for research into System Safety. The Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors in the UK awarded Neville The Otto Edholm Medal in 2001, The President’s Medal in 2008 and 2018, The Sir Frederic Bartlett Medal in 2012 and The William Floyd Medal in 2019 for his contributions to basic and applied ergonomics research. The Royal Aeronautical Society awarded Neville and his colleagues the Hodgson Prize in 2006 for research on design-induced, flight-deck, error published in The Aeronautical Journal. The University of Southampton has awarded Neville a Doctor of Science in 2014 for his sustained contribution to the development and validation of Human Factors methods.
"A comprehensive, insightful, look into driver training for the new generation of automated vehicles. The authors’ impressive synthesis of existing knowledge supports immediate practical implications for training – essential reading for researchers and practitioners alike."
Professor Gerry Matthews, George Mason University, USA.
"The driver’s role is fundamentally changing and this book identifies the training needs for automated vehicles. This book provides unprecedented inspiration in the design of driver training programmes so that automated vehicles may be safely operated on our roads. It is highly recommended reading for all those involved in training drivers of the future."
Associate Professor Lisa Dorn, Cranfield University, UK.
"Merriman and colleagues take us on an erudite journey in which they use state-of-the-art methods to design and evaluate a novel and innovative training approach for automated vehicles. In doing so, they fill critical gaps in the knowledge base and provide a how-to guide for training system design and evaluation. This seminal work is an essential read not only for researchers and practitioners working in road safety, but also those in other domains in which advanced technologies are changing the nature of training needs. "
Professor Paul Salmon, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia.
