Embryology of Flowering Plants: Terminology and Concepts, Vol. 3
Reproductive Systems
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Book Description
Plant embryology, dealing with the regularities of initiation and the first stages of development of an organism, is now flourishing because of the overall progress being made in natural sciences. Such discoveries of the 20th century as production of plants from a single somatic cell, experimental haploidy, and parasexual hybridization were of general biological significance. The combined efforts of embryologists, geneticists and molecular biologists yielded the discovery of specific genes that control meiosis, egg cell development and early stages of embryogenesis. The tendency to synthesize data of embryology and genetics has become increasingly noticeable. It is connected with the fact that the majority of problems connected with morphogenesis, such as differentiation, specialization, the evaluation of features and the definition of the notionsgene and feature andgenotype and phenotype concern embryology and genetics (embryogenetics) in one way or another. Evolutionary embryology has given rise to a new approach to the study of problems of adaptation in plants. In connection with the problem of preserving biological diversity under conditions of ecological stress, special attention is paid to ecological embryology, revealing the critical periods in early ontogenesis and plasticity and tolerance of reproductive systems at the level of species and population. The study of variability of morphogenesis and phenotype in population (life cycle variations and the diversity of reproductive systems) is the most important point in the population embryology of plants.
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction (T.B. Batygina)
PART ONE-PLANT REPRODUCTION
Overview
Reproductive Biology (E.S. Teryokhin)
Ecological Embryology (E.S. Teryokhin)
Reproduction, Propagation and Renewal (T.B. Batygina)
Viviparity (T.B. Batygina, E.A. Bragina)
Metamorphosis (E.S. Teryokhin)
Life Cycles (G.B. Rodionova)
PART TWO-POLLINATION AND BREEDING
Pollination Systems
Anthecology (A.N. Ponomarev, E.I. Demyanova)
Sexual Polymorphism (A. P. Melikyan)
Monoecy (E.I. Demyanova)
Gynodioecy (E.I. Demyanova)
Heterostyly (N.A. Zhinkina)
Dichogamy (N.A. Zhinkina)
Population Aspects of Sex Determination (N.P. Starshova)
Modes of Pollen Transfer and Pollinating Agents (N.P. Melikyan)
Chasmogamy (E.I. Demyanova)
Cleistogamy (E.I. Demyanova)
Specific Features of Cleistogamy in Annual Species of Genus Medicago
L. (Fabaceae) (L.V. Novosyelova)
The Evolution of Wind Pollination (H.P. Linder)
Breeding Systems
Autogamy (E.I. Demyanova)
Allogamy (E.I. Demyanova):
Geitonogamy
Xenogamy
Pollen-Ovule Ratios in Different Breeding Systems (I.I. Shamrov)
Stigmatic and Ovular Receptivity — Facts and Hypotheses
(E. Pacini, G.G. Franchi)
Pollination Failure in Natural Populations: Implications for the
Conservation of Rare Plants (C.C. Wilcock)
Significance of Hybridization in the Higher Plant Evolution (N.N. Tzvelev)
PART THREE-SEED PROPAGATION
Amphimixis and Apomixis
Amphimixis (T.B. Batygina)
Apomixis (T.B. Batygina)
Apospory (T.N. Naumova)
Diplospory (T.N. Naumova)
Parthenogenesis (V.S. Tyrnov)
Apogamety (O.P. Kamelina)
Classification of Apomixis (N.A. Shishkinskaya, O.I. Yudakova)
Embryo-Endosperm Interrelations in Apomixis (V.S. Tyrnov)
Ultrastructural Aspects of Apomixis (T.N. Naumova)
Space and Time Organization of the Megaspore- and
Megagametophytogenesis in Amphimictic and Apomictic Plants
(M.A. Gussakovskaya, I.P. Ermakov)
Experimental Induction of Apomixis in vivo and in vitro (AS. Kashin)
Applied Aspects of Gametophytic Apomixis (V.S. Tyrnov)
Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) is a Classical Object for Studying Facultative
Apomixis (K.P. Glazunova)
The Problem of Evolutionary Significance of Apomixis
(K.A. Shishkinskaya, V.S. Tyrnov)
The Evolution of Gametophytic Apomixis (J.G. Carman)
Seed Propagation
Seed and Seed Propagation (T.B. Batygina)
Reproductive Effort (Yu. A. Zlobin)
Reproductive Success (Yu. A. Zlobin)
Potential Seed Productivity (Yu. A. Zlobin)
Real Seed Productivity (Yu. A. Zlobin)
Seed Productivity in Symphytum L. (Boraginaceae) (N.M. Nayda)
Seed Productivity in Apomicts (A.S. Kashin)
Aberrant Ovules and Seeds: Structure and Diagnostics (I.I. Shamrov)
Heterospermy (G.M. Anisimova)
Seed Bank (V.L. Tichonova)
Fruit (E.S. Teryokhin)
Heterocarpy (A.P. Melikyan)
Vegetative Propagation (N.I. Shorina)
Sarmentation (R.P. Barykina)
Particulation (R.P. Barykina)
Bud (N.I. Shorina, O.B. Mikhalevskaya)
Brood Bud (T.B. Batygina, E.A. Bragina)
Bulb (M.V. Baranova)
Bulblet and Bulbil (M.V. Baranova)
Protocorm (E.V. Andronova, T.B. Batygina, V.E. Vasilyeva)
Embryoidogeny is a New Type of Vegetative Propagation (T.B. Batygina)
Phytomer Conception and the Higher Plant Evolution (N.N. Tzvelev)
PART FIVE-MOLECULAR-GENETIC
ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION
Flower Development Genetics (L.A. Lutova)
Genetic Analysis of Ovule Development (K. Schneitz)
Gametophytic Mutations (N.Kh. Enaleeva, V.S. Tyrnov)
Modifiable Variability of Gametophyte (L.P. Lobanova, N.Kh. Enaleeva)
Plant Embryogenetics (V.S. Tyrnov)
Genetic Control of Apomixis (O.N. Tikhodeev)
Genetic Heterogeneity of Seeds. Polyembryony (T.B. Batygina)
PART SLY-POPULATION AND ECOLOGICAL
ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION
Phytocoenosis (V.I. Vasilevich)
Ecological niche (V.I. Vasilevich)
Population (V.I. Vasilevich)
Life form (N.I. Shorina)
Diaspore (E.A. Bragina, T.B. Batygina)
Population and Coenotic Regulation of Reproduction (Yu. A. Zlobin)
Population and Coenotic Aspects of Research on Plant
Reproduction in Arctic Conditions (E.A. Khodachek)
Multiplicity of Vegetative Propagation and Expansion in the
Ranunculaceae (R.P. Barykina)
Ontogenesis in Ferula L. (Apiaceae) (U.A. Rakhmankulov)
PART SEVEN-EMBRYOLOGICAL BASES OF
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
Adaptive Possibilities and Reproductive Strategy in Trapaceae
(G.E. Titova, A.A. Zakharova)
Reproductive Strategy in Ceratophyllaceae (I.I. Shamrov)
Reproductive Strategy in Nelumbonaceae (G.E. Titova, V.E. Vasilyeva)
Seed Propagation and Vegetative Propagation in Vaccinium myrtillus
L. (Ericaceae) (E.A. Maznaya, G.M. Anisimova)
Reproductive Strategy of Viviparous Plants (T.B. Batygina, E.A. Bragina)
Reproductive Strategy of Orchids in Temperate Zone
(P.V. Kulikov, E.G. Philippov)
Problems and Perspectives of In Vitro Seed Propagation in Orchids of
Temperate Zone (E.V. Andronova, P.V. Kulikov, E.V. Philippov,
V.E. Vasilyeva, T.B. Batygina)
Action of Herbicides and Other Factors on Embryogenesis of
Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) (J. Pare)
Effects of Environmental Pollution on Plant Reproduction
(G.M. Anisimova, I.V. Lyanguzova, I.I. Shamrov)
Bibliography
Plates
Index
Insets: Contributors of the Volume