Introduction
Environmental Systems Modelling, the Basic Concepts
Attributes and Dichotomies of Environmental Models
Practical Mechanistic Modelling
Environmental Models as Dynamical Systems
Linear Time-Invariant Dynamical Systems
Discrete-Time LTI Dynamical System
Stability of Discrete-Time Dynamical LTI Systems
Continuous-Time Linear Dynamical System
Nonlinear Systems
Numerical Aspects and the Role of MATLAB
Worked Examples
Identification of Environmental Models
Introduction
Sensitivity Analysis as an Identifiability Test
Gradient-Free Optimization Methods (Direct Search)
Validation of the Estimates
PEAS: A Computer Package for Parameter Estimation of Ecological Models
Analysis of Environmental Time Series
Introduction
Time Domain versus Frequency Domain of Environmental Time Series
Signal Regularization
Wavelet Signal Processing: Adaptive Combination of Time and Frequency Analysis
Principal Components Analysis
Fuzzy Modelling of Environmental Systems
Introduction to the Fuzzy Logic
Building a Fuzzy Inference System
The MATLAB Fuzzy Toolbox
Fuzzy Modelling
Fuzzy Clustering: Aggregating Data by Similarity
Population Dynamics Modelling
Single-Species Continuous-Time Population Models
Single-Species Discrete-Time Population Models
Harvested Populations
Competition
Prey–Predator Models
Food Chains
Flow Reactor Modelling
Continuous-Flow Reactor Modelling
Plug-Flow Reactor
Diffusive Reactor
Microbial Kinetics Modelling
Enzymatic Reaction Kinetics
Microbial Metabolism of Carbonaceous Substrates
Microbial Metabolism of Nitrogenous Substrates
Microbial Metabolism of Phosphorus
Analysis of Aquatic Ecosystems
The Oxygen Cycle in the Aquatic Environment
A Short-Term Oxygen Dynamical Balance
Analysis of the Circadian DO Cycles by Wavelet Filtering and Fuzzy Clustering
Extending the Spatial–Temporal Validity of DO Models
Beyond S&P: A Water Quality Model Case Study
Estimation of Nutrient Bioavailability in Rivers
Modelling an Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetland
Environmental Assessment of a Coastal Lake and Surrounding Wetlands
A Fish Habitat Suitability Assessment Based on Fuzzy Logic
References
Biography
Stefano Marsili-Libelli received a cum laude MS degree in electronic engineering from the University of Pisa in 1973. Later that same year, he joined the University of Florence and since that time has served on the engineering faculty—first as a technical assistant, then as an associate professor (1983), and finally as a full professor (2000). A founding member of the environmental engineering curriculum at the University of Florence, he is also director of the Laboratory of Environmental Process Control, and an associate editor for the ISI international journals Environmental Modelling & Software and Water Science & Technology.
"… a clear and comprehensive exposition of not only the fundamental mathematical and statistical techniques needed to model environmental systems, but also of the underlying philosophy that produces models that are physically realistic and result in predictions that are relevant to taking action in the real world. The development of material in each chapter is lucid and will be accessible to students and the novice modeler, yet detailed enough to be of interest to experienced researchers. The example situations that are modeled are both interesting and timely. … This work is destined to become a classic in the environmental modeling literature."
—William D. Lakin, Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics, Statistics, and Biomedical Engineering, Emeritus, The University of Vermont, Burlington, USA"This book is a must for those starting out on modeling and for those who need more technical background, and indeed pragmatic guidance, the latter partly deriving from the author’s wealth of experience. Beautifully written and illustrated in a truly didactic way, it uses ecological models much of the time to give focus. But it really is an excellent book for anyone interested in understanding systems and their key concepts and methods. A bonus for students and teachers is the provision of MATLAB® based exercises to reinforce the learning potential and enhance skill development."
—Tony Jakeman, Australian National University, Canberra
