Ethical IT Innovation A Value-Based System Design Approach

Introduction
How This Book Frames Computer Ethics
Ethical System Development Life Cycle (E-SDLC)
Value-Based IT Design: A Positive Message for IT Markets
Engineers, Managers, and "Ethical Machines"
References

IT Innovation
Human Growth and Eudemonia through IT
Human Nightmares Caused by IT and a Short Reflection on Good and Bad
End of IT Innovation Based on Functionality
Questioning "Function Hypes"
True Cost of Hype Cycles
Post-Function Hype: Catering to Higher Human Values
Values in IT Design
Necessity for Value-Based Design
Envisioning the Value of IT Services
References

Future IT Environments: Five Scenarios
Personas Used in the Scenarios
Scenario 1: Future of Gaming
Scenario 2: Future of Work
Scenario 3: Future of Retail
Scenario 4: Future of University Education
Scenario 5: Future of Robotics
IT Innovation Lying Ahead
Positive Potential Outcomes of IT Innovation
Negative Potential Outcomes of IT Innovation
References

Value Ethics and IT
An Introduction to Values
What Is a Value?
Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Values
Intrinsic Values in Philosophy and Psychology
References

Ethical Knowledge for Ethical IT Innovation
What Is Knowledge?
Ethical Challenges in IT-Driven Knowledge Creation
Ethical Challenges in Data Collection
Ethical Challenges in Information Aggregation and Knowledge Creation
Ethical Challenges for Accessing Knowledge
Ethical Uses of Information and Knowledge, a Privacy Issue
Summing Up: Ethical Knowledge Management
References

Preserving Freedom in Future IT Environments
Negative Liberty and Machines
Positive Liberty and Machines
Technology Paternalism and Controllability
Autonomy vis-à-vis Machines
Attention-Sensitive Machines
Summing Up: Freedom and Liberty in Future IT Environments
References

Health and Strength in the Machine Age
Direct Effect of Machines on Physical Health and Strength
Long-Term Effects of Machines on Physical Health and Strength
Direct Effects of Machines on Mental Health and Strength
Indirect Effect of Machines on Mental Health
Indirect Effect of Machines on Physical Health
References

Safety, Security, and Privacy in Future IT Environments
Safety versus Security
Safety, Cyberwar, and Cybercrime
Security Principles in Machine Engineering
Privacy and Surveillance
References

Trust in Future IT Environments
What Is Trust?
Distinguishing Trust from Confidence and Reliance
Trust Mechanisms in Machines
How Computer Scientists Understand Trust
Reputation Systems
References

Friendship in Future IT Environments
What Is Philia (Friendship)?
Machines as Mediator of Friendship
Shared Life and Learning in Virtual Worlds
Empathy in Virtual Worlds
Intimacy and Disinhibition in Online Environments
Intimacy with Artificial Beings
Final Thoughts on Friendship in Future IT Environments
References

Dignity and Respect in the Machine Age
Dignity and Respect
Respectful Machines
Polite Machines
Psychological Ownership in Future IT Environments
Self-Esteem through Open and Free Software
Influence of Patents and Copyrights on Human and Economic Growth
Outlook on Human "Doing": Impact of Machines on Work
References

Privacy and a Summary of the Value Fabric
Privacy and Ethical Knowledge
Privacy and Freedom
Privacy Trade-Offs at All Levels of the Value Pyramid
Summing Up: Values in Future IT Environments
References

Ethical Value-Based IT System Design: An Overview
Management View on New Product Development
Engineering View on New IT Product Development
Computer Ethics and IT System Design
Value-Sensitive Design
Stakeholder Involvement in Ethical IT System Design
References

Value Discovery for IT Project Selection
Envisioning with Cards
Envisioning with Scenarios
Critical Information Systems and Reflective Design
References

Wise Leadership in the IT Project Selection Phase
Why Should Leaders Care About the Ethical Design of IT?
Why Many Executives Still Ignore Ethics
Tough Decisions for Wise Leaders
Utilitarian Reasoning
What Makes a Wise Leader?
Deontological Philosophical Reasoning
Rawls’s Theory of Justice and the Veil of Ignorance
Classical Virtue Ethics
Ethical Decision Making in the IT Selection Phase
Challenges for Leaders in the IT Selection Phase
References

Ethical IT Planning
Conceptual Value Analysis
Feasibility Analysis
References

Ethical IT System Analysis
Context Analysis
From Value Dams and Flows to Development Goals
Analyzing Ethical Priorities for System Design
Operationalizing Development Goals
References

Ethical IT System Design
Threat and Control Analysis
Modeling and Understanding System Design Alternatives
System Implementation
References

Machine Ethics and Value-Based IT Design
Explicit Ethical Agents
Full Ethical Agents?

References

Index

Biography

Sarah Spiekermann

"... a breakthrough volume; it will stand as essential reading and a primary reference in the further development of ethics and IT design, most especially as informed by virtue ethics approaches."
—Professor Charles Ess, University of Oslo

"A fascinating, remarkable journey about the importance of ethics in the design and application of modern information technologies. Deeply researched and engrossing—a book all innovators should read."
—Professor Alessandro Acquisti, Carnegie Mellon University

"Full of clear and compelling examples, this book is an excellent guide for students, professional engineers, and for managers who want to ensure ethics and values are among the concerns teams account for during design."
— Professor Katie Shilton, University of Maryland

"I will take this book with me to technical conferences and meetings, and also keep a copy on my desk, both to refer to and to find relevant works in the literature list. Ethical IT Innovation is an important book that will hopefully have an impact in academic discourse, and, possibly more importantly, in shaping our information systems in the future."
—Bendert Zevenbergen, PhD student, Oxford University