Ethnic Relations in the Baltic Reconsidered

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Identities: Ascribed, Contested, and Situational

1. Catherine Gibson, Varieties of In-Betweenness in the Borderlands of the Baltic Provinces: A History of the Term Poluvertsy (Half-Believers)

2. Irina Paert, Negotiating Faith and Ethnicity: Conversions, Social Conflict and the Russian Orthodox Clergy in Estland Province during the 1880s-1900s

3. Jörg Hackmann, Voluntary Associations in the Baltic Region. Accelerator or Inhibitor of Inter-Ethnic Relations?

4. Tomas Balkelis, Living by the Border: Violence, Nation-Making and “National Indifference” in the Polish-Lithuanian Borderland, 1920-1939

Crisis and Governance

5. Andres Kasekamp, Konstantin Päts and Ethnic Minorities: The Political Trajectory of an Estonian Nationalist Authoritarian Leader

6. Klaus Richter, Economic Nationalism, Minority Policies, and the 1930s in Lithuania and Latvia

7. Vladas Sirutavičius, Nationality in Cadre Policy in Soviet Lithuania, 1944-1953

8. Karsten Brüggemann, Doing It the “Baltic Way”: Internationalism and the Soviet Roots of the Singing Revolution

Legacy of Empire

9. Epp Annus, Spring Flowers and Border Guards: Estonian Narratives of the Soviet Military and Border Troops

10. Ronald Grigor Suny, Exiting Empire: Civil Wars in South Caucasia Versus Civil Peace in the Baltic Republics

11. Mārtiņš Kaprāns, Understanding Hesitancy: The Latvian Russophone Minority and Russia’s Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine

Legacy of Violence

12. Darius Staliūnas, Anti-Jewish Violence in Interwar Lithuania: Pogroms Without Genocidal Elements as a Precondition of the Holocaust?

13. Stanislovas Stasiulis, New Allies – Old Foes: Ethnic Relations on the Pages of Lithuanian Press during the German Occupation, 1941-1944

14. Violeta Davoliūtė, The Habitus of Holocaust Reckoning during the Thaw in Soviet Lithuania

State of the Field and Pointing the Way Forward

15. Toivo U. Raun, Ethnic Relations in the Baltic Region: Complexity and Coexistence

16. Vello Pettai, Scholarly Research on Ethnic Relations in Estonia and Latvia: A Retrospective Overview

Contributors

Biography

Violeta Davoliūtė is Senior Researcher at the Lithuanian Institute of History and Project Leader of Facing the Past: Public History for a Stronger Europe (Horizon Europe, WIDERA program, 2022–2025).

Darius Staliūnas is Chief Researcher at the Lithuanian Institute of History and teaches at Vilnius University.

Bradley D. Woodworth is Professor of History at the University of New Haven and Baltic Studies Program Manager at Yale University.