Evidence-Based Practice in General Surgery

About the Authors

List of Contributors

Preface

GENERAL

1: Patient Safety in the Care of Trauma Patients

J. Martin Perez, Kenneth Stahl and Susan Brien

2: Venous thromboembolism: Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Steve Satterly, Suresh Agarwal and George C. Velmahos

GASTRIC AND ESOPHAGEAL

3: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Robert Jardine, Corneliu T. Vulpe and Nissen Nahmias

4: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Christopher S. Thomas and Bruce A. Crookes

5: Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal Spasm (DES)

Kgomotso Bonda and Rocco Lafaro

6: Paraesophageal Hernia Repair

Sebastian R. Eid and George Mazpule

7: Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer

Richard Gonzalo and Christos Stavropoulos

8: Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Juan C. Garces and Steven T. Brower

9: Current Management of GEJ Adenocarcinoma

Faiz Y. Bhora, Manzar Abbas and M. Jawad Latif

10: Current Treatment of GI Neuroendocrine Tumors

Rebecca M. Platoff, Miral Sadaria Grandhi and Steven K. Libutti

11: Bariatric Surgery

Geyanne Lui, Daniel Ricardo Chang and Dimitar Ranev

HEPATOBILIARY

12: Acute Cholecystitis and Cholangitis

Brian I. Shaw and Suresh K. Agarwal

13: Minimally Invasive Liver Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Mark S Etherington and David A Geller

14: Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Samantha M. Ruff and Timothy M. Pawlik

15: Elective Surgery in Cirrhotics

Natasha Keric, Alberto Ramirez and Ian Thomas

16: Diagnosis and Treatment of Variceal Hemorrhage due to Cirrhosis

Zoe Guzman, Harsimran Panesar, Gregory Simonian and David O’Connor

17: Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Intractable Ascites

Terence O’Keeffe and Marc Cockburn

18: Current Treatment of Hepatic Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Kevin P. Labadie, Laleh G. Melstrom and Yuman Fong

PANCREAS

19: Acute Pancreatitis

Stephen W. Behrman

20: Pancreatic Pseudocysts

Zachary E. Stiles and Stephen W. Behrman

21: Infected Pancreatic Collections

Kenny Nieto and John K. Bini

22: Chronic Pancreatitis

Kaitlin J Larson, Kenny Nieto and John K. Bini

23: Current Management of IPMN and MCN of the Pancreas

Alexandra W. Acher, Patrick Pfau, Sharon Weber and Rebecca Minter

SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE

24: Appendicitis

 Leah Pearl, Taylor Sims and Peter P. Lopez

25: Ileus and Small Bowel Obstruction

Vishal Kumar and John Hong

26: Enterocutaneous Fistulas

Leah Pearl and Peter P. Lopez

27: Diverticulitis of the Colon

Akpofure Peter Ekeh, Mary Stuever and Kyle Harris

28: Large Bowel Obstruction

Josh Cassedy and John J. Hong

29: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gregory J. Gallina, Alexander Fortgang, and Jessica Wassef

30: Hemorrhoids

Clarence E. Clark and Adatee Okonkwo

31: Anal Fissure, Fistula, and Abscess

Varun Krishnan

32: Ischemic Colitis

David M. Holmes, Seth Warren, Andy Le, and Daniel J. Bonville

33: Surgical Management of Rectal Cancer

Jessica Wassef, Elie Ghabi and Anna Serur

34: Stage-Based Multidisciplinary Management of Colon and Rectal Cancer

Eesha Oza and Minaxi Jhawer

35: Rectovaginal Fistula

Michael Polcino and Lorenzo Hiraldo

HERNIAS

36: Inguinal Hernias

Jacqueline Blank and Marc de Moya

37: Ventral and umbilical hernias

Daphine M Musisi, Andrew Chang, Frances Uwechue, Justin Harvey and Steven Schwaitzberg

BREAST AND ENDOCRINE

38: Benign Breast Disease, Screening, and In situ Breast Cancer

Deneshia McIntosh and Bert Petersen

39: Surgical Management of Invasive Breast Cancer

Tarek M. Zaghloul, Jennifer H. Chen, Mediget Teshome and Kelly K. Hunt

40: Current Treatment of Melanoma

Jessica A. Steadman, Mara A. Piltin and Tina J. Hieken

41: Hyperparathyroidism

Ki Won Kim

42: Adrenal Masses

Sho Yoshitake, Andrew Thornton and Maz Ganat

43: Multimodality Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer

Ken Hu

VASCULAR

Edited by Abdul Q Alarhayem

44: Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm

Boulos Toursarkissian

45: Carotid Occlusive and Aneurysmal Disease

David Hardy and Abdul Q. Alarhayem

46: Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease

Taylor Laskowski, Braedon Urie and Sungho Lim

47: Femoro-popliteal and tibioperoneal occlusive and aneurysmal disease

Ahmed A. Sorour, Fachreza Aryo Damara and Lee Kirksey

48: Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia

Abdul Q. Alarhayem

49: Vascular Dialysis Access

Fachreza Aryo Damara, Ahmed A. Sorour and Lee Kirksey

50: Acute Arterial Embolus

Boulos Toursarkissian

Biography

Stephen M Cohn is a native of Oakland, California, who went on to earn a Biochemistry degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara, before completing his medical training at Baylor College of Medicine. After general surgical training and a trauma/critical care fellowship at Boston University, he joined Yale University School of Medicine as Chief of the Trauma Service, a role interrupted when he was called to serve with the US Army Medical Corps during Operation Desert Storm.

Returning to New Haven, he built a successful ACS Level I Trauma Center and surgical critical care fellowship as Division Chief of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care. He subsequently served as Medical Director of the Ryder Trauma Center and the Robert Zeppa Endowed Professor of Surgery at the University of Miami, then as Chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. He currently practices in the New York City area, where he continues to operate, teach, and conduct active research.

Dr. Cohn has authored more than 300 scientific publications, edited nine surgical textbooks, and mentored over 100 ICU, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Fellows, an achievement he considers his greatest professional pride. His research interests center on trauma, combat casualty care, and surgical infections, and he has received Teacher of the Year awards from Boston University, the University of Massachusetts, Yale, and Northwell Health, along with a Lifetime Achievement in Education award from the University of Miami Department of Surgery. His 2023 book, All Bleeding Stops: Life and Death in the Trauma Unit, received critical acclaim, including a starred review from Kirkus.

Steven T Brower is currently Professor of Surgery, Chief, Division of Hepatopancreaticobiliary and Surgical Oncology at Saint Barnabas Medical Center, N.Y. Previously he held the position of Director of the Lefcourt Cancer Center, Chief of HPB/Surgical Oncology at Englewood Health and Professor of Surgery Hackensack Meridian Health School of Medicine. He has published more than 150 peer-reviewed articles and has lectured nationally and internationally on benign and malignant conditions of the esophagus, stomach, liver and pancreas.

After receiving his medical degree from the State University of New York at Buffalo, Dr. Brower completed a surgical internship and residency at Boston University and Lahey Clinic. He then obtained subspecialty fellowship training in surgical oncology at the Surgery Branch and Laboratory of Biochemistry at the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. He is co-editor of the 1st Edition Surgical textbook Evidence-Based Medicine in Elective Surgery.

Previously, Dr. Brower was recruited to the State of Georgia as a Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Scholar. He served as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Surgery at Mercer University School of Medicine, and Director of the Anderson Cancer Institute and Senior Vice President of Oncology and Research at Memorial University Medical Center. Past appointments have included Vice Chairman of the Department of Surgery, as well as Chief of Surgical Oncology at Beth Israel Medical Center, and Director of Strategic Planning and Extramural Affairs at Continuum Cancer Centers of New York. Dr. Brower also served as Director of Surgical Oncology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, where he held the Friedman Endowed Professorship in Surgical Oncology.

His most recent national committee service has been on the Executive Committee of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group, and as an American College of Surgeons, Commission on Cancer, Site Surveyor.