1st Edition

Extreme Waves and Shock-Excited Processes in Structures and Space Objects Volume II

By Shamil U. Galiev Copyright 2020
    332 Pages 182 B/W Illustrations
    by CRC Press

    The theory of waves is generalized on cases when waves change medium in which they appear and propagate. A reaction of structural elements and space objects to the dynamic actions of the different nature, durations, and intensities is studied. It considers the effects of transitions in the state and phase equations of media on the formation and propagation of extreme waves as a result of power, thermal, or laser pulsed action. The influence of cavitation and cool boiling of liquids, geometric and physical nonlinearity of walls on containers’ strength, and the formation of extreme waves is studied. The theory can be also used to optimize impulse technology, in particular, in the optimization of explosive processing of sheet metal by explosion in a liquid.


    This book was written for researchers and engineers, as well as graduate students in the fields of thermal fluids, aerospace, nuclear engineering, and nonlinear waves.

    PART I. Basic models, equations and ideas
    Chapter 1. Models of continuum
    1.1. The system of equations of mechanics continuous medium
    1.2. State (constitutive) equations for elastic and elastic-plastic bodies
    1.3. The equations of motion and the wide range equations of state of an inviscid fluid
    1.4. Simplest example of fracture of media within rarefaction zones
    1.4.1. The state equation for bubbly liquid
    1.4.2.  Fracture (cold boiling) of water during seaquakes   
    1.4.3. Model of fracture (cold boiling) of bubbly liquid
    1.5. Models of moment and momentless shells
    1.5.1. Shallow shells and the Kirchhoff - Love hypotheses
    1.5.2. The Timoshenko theory of thin shells and momentless shells

    Chapter 2. The dynamic destruction of some materials in tension waves
    2.1. Models of dynamic failure of solid media
    2.1.1. Phenomenological approach
    2.1.2. Microstructural approach
    2.2. Models of interacting voids (bubbles, pores)
    2.3. Pores on porous materials
    2.4. Mathematical model of materials containing pores

    Chapter 3. Models of dynamic failure of weakly-cohesived media (WCM)
    3.1. Introduction
    3.1.1. Examples of gassy material properties
    3.1.2. Behavior of weakly-cohesive geomaterials within of extreme waves
    3.2. Modelling of gassy media
    3.2.1. State equation for mixture of condensed matter/gas 
    3.2.2. Strongly nonlinear model of the state equation for gassy media
    3.2.3. The Tait-like form of the state equation
    3.2.4. Wave equations for gassy materials
    3.3. Effects of bubble oscillations on the one-dimensional governing equations
    3.3.1. Differential form of the state equation
    3.3.2. The strongly nonlinear wave equation for bubbly media
    3.4. Linear acoustics of bubbly media
    3.4.1. Three speed wave equations
    3.4.2. Two speed wave equations
    3.4.3. One-speed wave equations
    3.4.4. Influence of viscous properties on the sound speed of magma-like media
    3.5. Examples of observable extreme waves of WCM
    3.5.1. Mount St Helens eruption
    3.5.2. The volcano Santiaguito eruptions
    3.6. Nonlinear acoustic of bubble media
    3.6.1. Low frequency waves:  Boussinesq and long wave equations
    3.6.2. High frequency waves: Klein-Gordon and Schrödinger equations
    3.7. Strongly nonlinear Airy-type equations and remarks to the Chapters 1-3

    PARTI II. Extreme waves and structural elements
    Chapter 4. Extreme effects and waves in impact loaded hydrodeformable systems
    4.1. Introduction 
    4.2. Underwater explosions and the cavitation wave: experiments
    4.3. Experimental studies of formation and propagation of the cavitation waves
    4.3.1. Elastic plate/underwater wave interaction
    4.3.2. Elastoplastic plate/underwater wave interaction
    4.4. Extreme underwater wave and plate interaction
    4.4.1. Effects of deformability
    4.4.2. Effects of cavitation on the plate surface
    4.4.3. Effects of cavitation in the liquid volume on the plate-liquid interaction
    4.4.4. Effects of plasticity
    4.5. Modelling of extreme wave cavitation and cool boiling in tanks
    4.5.1. Impact loading of tank
    4.5.2. Impact loading of liquid in tank

    Chapter 5. Shells and cavitation (cool boiling) waves   
    5.1. Interaction of a cylindrical shell with shock wave in liquid
    5.2. Extreme waves in cylindrical elastic container
    5.2.1. Effects of cavitation and cool boiling on the interaction of shells
    5.2.2. Features of bubble dynamics and their effect on shells
    5.3. Extreme wave phenomena in the hydro - gas-elastic system
    5.4. Effects of boiling of liquids within rarefaction waves on the transient deformation of hydroelastic systems
    5.5. A method of solving transient three-dimensional problems of hydroelasticity for cavitating and boiling liquids
    5.5.1. Governing equations
    5.5.2. Numerical method
    5.5.3. Results and discussion

    Chapter 6. Interaction of extreme underwater waves with structures
    6.1. Fracture and cavitation waves in thin plate/underwater explosion system
    6.2. Fracture and cavitation waves in plate/underwater explosion system
    6.3. Generation of cavitation waves after tank bottom buckling
    6.4. Transient interaction of a stiffened spherical dome with underwater shock waves
    6.4.1. The problem and method of solution
    6.4.2. Numeric method of problem solution
    6.4.3. Results of calculations
    6.5. Extreme amplification of waves at vicinity of the stiffening rib
    References

    Part III. Counterintuitive behaviour (CIB) of structural elements after impact loads
    Chapter 7. Experimental data
    7.1. Introduction and method of impact loading
    7.2. CIB of circular plates: results and discussion
    7.3. CIB of rectangular plates and shallow caps
    7.3.1. Discussion of CIB of shallow caps
    7.3.2. Cap/permeable membrane system
    7.3.3. CIB of panels

     Chapter 8. CIB of plates and shallow shells: theory and calculations
    8.1. Distinctive features of CIB of plates and shallow shells
    8.1.1. Investigation techniques                   
    8.1.2. Results and discussion: plates, spherical caps and cylindrical panels
    8.2. Influences of atmosphere and cavitation on CIB
    8.2.1. Theoretical models
    8.2.2. Calculation details   
    8.2.3. Results and discussion                    
    References

    Part IV. Extreme waves excited by impact of heat, radiation or mass
    Chapter 9. Formation and amplification of heat waves
    9.1. Linear analysis. Influence of hyperbolicity
    9.2. Formation and amplification of nonlinear heat waves
    9.3. Strong nonlinearity of thermodynamic function as a cause of formation of cooling shock wave

    Chapter 10. Extreme waves excited by radiation
    10.1. Impulsive deformation and destruction of bodies at temperatures below the melting point
    10.1.1. Thermoelastic waves excited by long-wave radiation
    10.1.2. Thermo-elastic waves excited by short-wave radiation
    10.1.3. Stress and fracture waves in metals during rapid bulk heating
    10.1.4. Optimization of the outer laser–induced spalling
    10.2. Effects of melting of material under impulse loading
    10.2.1. Mathematical model of fracture under thermal force loading
    10.2.2. Algorithm and results
    10.3. Modelling of fracture, melting, vaporization and phase transition
    10.3.1. Calculations: effects of temperature
    10.3.2. Calculations: effects of vaporization
    10.3.3. Calculations: effect of vaporization on spalling
    10.4. Two-dimensional fracture and evaporation
    10.5. Fracture of solid by radiation pulses as a method of ensuring safety in space
    10.5.1. Introduction
    10.5.2. Mathematical formulation of the problem
    10.5.3. Calculation results and comparison with experiments
    10.5.4. Special features of fracture by spalling
    10.5.5. Efficiency of laser fracture
    10.5.6. Discussion and conclusion

    Chapter 11. The melting waves in front of a massive perforator
    11.1. Experimental investigation
    11.2. Numerical modeling
    11.3. Results of the calculation and discussion
    References

    Biography

    Shamil U. Galiev obtained his Ph.D. degree in Mathematics and Physics from Leningrad University in 1971, and, later, a full doctorate (ScD) in Engineering Mechanics from the Academy of Science of Ukraine (1978). He worked in the Academy of Science of former Soviet Union as a researcher, senior researcher, and department chair from 1965 to 1995. From 1984 to 1989, he served as a Professor of Theoretical Mechanics in the Kiev Technical University, Ukraine. Since 1996, he has served as Professor, Honorary Academic of the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Dr. Galiev has published approximately 90 scientific publications, and he is the author of seven books devoted to different complex wave phenomena. From 1965-2014 he has studied different engineering problems connected with dynamics and strength of submarines, rocket systems, and target/projectile (laser beam) systems. Some of these results were published in books and papers. During 1998-2017, he conducted extensive research and publication in the area of strongly nonlinear effects connected with catastrophic earthquakes, giant ocean waves and waves in nonlinear scalar fields. Overall, Dr. Galiev’s research has covered many areas of engineering, mechanics, physics, and mathematics.