1st Edition
Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachinery Problems and Solutions
Reflecting the author’s years of industry and teaching experience, Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachinery features many innovative problems and their systematically worked solutions. To understand fundamental concepts and various conservation laws of fluid mechanics is one thing, but applying them to solve practical problems is another challenge. The book covers various topics in fluid mechanics, turbomachinery flowpath design, and internal cooling and sealing flows around rotors and stators of gas turbines.
As an ideal source of numerous practice problems with detailed solutions, the book will be helpful to senior-undergraduate and graduate students, teaching faculty, and researchers engaged in many branches of fluid mechanics. It will also help practicing thermal and fluid design engineers maintain and reinforce their problem-solving skills, including primary validation of their physics-based design tools.
Solution for Problem 5.13 Problem 5.14: Finding Complex Potential of a Source Flow Using Milne-Thomson Circle Theorem Solution for Problem 5.14 Problem 5.15: Finding Complex Potential of a Vortex Flow Using Milne-Thomson Circle Theorem Solution for Problem 5.14 References Bibliography Nomenclature 6.Navier-Stokes Equations: Exact Solutions Review of Key Concepts Problem 6.1: A Fluid Film Falling under Gravity along a Vertical Flat Plate Solution for Problem 6.1 Problem 6.2: A Porous Plate Moving at Constant Velocity through a Stagnant Fluid Solution for Problem 6.2 Problem 6.3: Annular Flow between the Pipe and the Wire Moving at Constant Velocity along the Pipe Axis Solution for Problem 6.3 Problem 6.4: Flow between Infinite Parallel Plates Solution for Problem 6.4 Problem 6.5: Hagen-Poiseuille Flow Solution for Problem 6.5 Problem 6.6: Flow in an Annulus between Concentric Pipes Solution for Problem 6.6 Problem 6.7: Limiting Cases of Fully Developed Laminar Flow in an Annulus between Concentric Pipes Solution for Problem 6.7 Problem 6.8: Two Immiscible Fluids Flowing between Two Parallel Plates Solution for Problem 6.8 Problem 6.9: Two Immiscible Fluids in a Circular Pipe Solution for Problem 6.9 Problem 6.10: A Fluid Film Falling under Gravity along a Vertical Circular Rod Solution for Problem 6.10 Problem 6.11: Flow between Concentric Cylinders with Rotating Inner Cylinder Solution for Problem 6.11 Problem 6.12: A Suddenly Accelerated Flat Plate in a Quiescent Fluid (Stokes’ First Problem) Solution for Problem 6.12 References Bibliography Nomenclature 7. Boundary Layer Flow Review of Key Concepts Problem 7.1: Two-Dimensional Incompressible Laminar Flow on a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.1 Problem 7.2: Total Drag on a Flat Plate in an Oncoming Uniform Water Flow Solution for Problem 7.2 Problem 7.3: Momentum Integral Method: Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.3 Problem 7.4: Drag Force Distribution in a Flat Plate Boundary Layer Solution for Problem 7.4 Problem 7.6: Turbulent Boundary Layer over a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.6 Problem 7.7: Transverse Velocity in the Laminar Boundary Layer over a Flat Plate Solution for Problem 7.7 References Bibliography Nomenclature 8.Centrifugal Pumps and Fans Review of Key Concepts Problem 8.1: Dimensionless and Dimensional Specific Speeds of a Centrifugal Water Pump Solution for Problem 8.1 Problem 8.2: Using Rothalpy to Compute Pressure Rise in a Centrifugal Impeller Solution for Problem 8.2 Problem 8.3: Hydraulic, Volumetric, and Mechanical Efficiencies of a Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.3 Problem 8.4: Various Heads of a Single Suction Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.4 Problem 8.5: Electric Power Needed to Run a Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.5 Problem 8.6: Suction Specific Speed of a Centrifugal Pump Solution for Problem 8.6 Problem 8.7: Preliminary Design of a Double-Suction Pump Impeller Solution for Problem 8.7 References Bibliography Nomenclature 9.Centrifugal Compressors Review of Key Concepts Problem 9.1: Efficiency of a Single-Stage Centrifugal Compressor Solution for Problem 9.1 Problem 9.2: Nondimensional Power Function at the Inlet of a Centrifugal Compressor ImpellervSolution for Problem 9.2 Problem 9.3: Optimum Rotational Speed of a Centrifugal Compressor Solution for Problem 9.3 Problem 9.4: Basic Dimensions of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Impeller Solution for Problem 9.4 Problem 9.5: Finding the Rotational Speed of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 9. Problem 9.6: Mass Flow Rate through a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 9.6 Problem 9.7: Operational Parameters of a Centrifugal Compressor with Radial Blades Solution for Problem 9.7 Problem 9.8: Discharge of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Impeller with Radial Blades Solution for Problem 9.8 Problem 9.9: Basic Dimensions and Exit Flow Properties of a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Solution for Problem 9.9 Problem 9.10: Preliminary Impeller Design for a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 9.10 References Bibliography Nomenclature 10. Axial-Flow Pumps, Fans, and Compressors Review of Key Concepts Problem 10.1: Analysis of a High-Performance Axial-Flow Air Compressor Solution for Problem 10.1 Problem 10.2: Overall Compressor Efficiency for a Four-Stage Compressor Solution for Problem 10.2 Problem 10.3: Comparing Efficiencies of Two Axial Compressors for Bidding Solution for Problem 10.3 Problem 10.4: Two Axial-Flow Compressors Operating in Series Solution for Problem 10.4 Problem 10.5: Compressor Pressure Ratio for Maximum Net Work Output in a Gas Turbine Engine Solution for Problem 10.5 Problem 10.6: Compressor Pressure Ratio for Maximum Work Output in a Gas Turbine with Reheat Solution for Problem 10.6 Problem 10.7: Root, Mean, and Tip Velocity Diagrams for an Axial-Flow Compressor Solution for Problem 10.7 Problem 10.8: Meanline Analysis of an Axial-Flow Compressor Solution for Problem 10.8 Problem 10.9: Number of Stages Needed for an Axial-Flow Compressor Solution for Problem 10.9 Problem 10.10: Response of an Axial-Flow Compressor to Mass Flow Rate Reduction Solution for Problem 10.10 Problem 10.11: Hydraulic Efficiency of an Axial Flow Water Pump Solution for Problem 10.11 Problem 10.12: Analysis of a Four-Bladed Axial-Flow Fan Solution for Problem 10.12 Problem 10.13: Velocity Diagrams from Given Flow Coefficient, Loading Coefficient, and Stage Reaction Solution for Problem 10.13 References Bibliography Nomenclature 11.Radial-Flow Gas Turbines Review of Key Concepts Problem 11.1: Preliminary Design of an Inward-Flow Radial (IFR) Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 11.1 Problem 11.2: Radial-Inflow Turbine Driven by Compressed Air Solution for Problem 11.2 Problem 11.3: Optimum-Efficiency Design of an IFR Turbine Rotor Solution for Problem 11.3 Problem 11.4: Performance of a Radial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 11.4 Problem 11.5: Standard 90o IFR Gas Turbine with Choked Nozzle Solution for Problem 11.5 Problem 11.6: Radial-Flow Gas Turbine with Flat Radial Blades Solution for Problem 11.6 Problem 11.7: Specific Work of a 90o IFR Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 11.7 References Bibliography Nomenclature 12. Axial-Flow Gas Turbines Review of Key Concepts Problem 12.1: Analysis of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Stage Solution for Problem 12.1 Problem 12.2: Free-Vortex Design of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Stage Solution for Problem 12.2 Problem 12.3: Performance Analysis of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Stage Solution for Problem 12.3 Problem 12.4: Number of Impulse Stages Needed in a Multistage Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.4 Problem 12.5: Aircraft Propulsion Gas Turbine Engine Mounted on a Test Bed Solution for Problem 12.5 Problem 12.6: Turbine Polytropic Efficiency in a Gas Turbine Engine Solution for Problem 12.6 Problem 12.7: Total-to-Static Efficiency of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.7 Problem 12.8: Specific Work Output of an Axial-Flow Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.8 Problem 12.9: Simple-Cycle Performance of an Air-Cooled Gas Turbine Solution for Problem 12.9 Problem 12.10: Velocity Diagrams from Given Flow Coefficient, Loading Coefficient, and Stage Reaction Solution for Problem 12.10 References Bibliography Nomenclature 13. Diffusers Review of Key Concepts Problem 13.1: Outlet-to-Inlet Area Ratio of a Gas Turbine Annular Exhaust Diffuser Solution for Problem 13.1 Problem 13.2: Exhaust Diffuser of a Land-Based Gas Turbine for Power Generation Solution for Problem 13.2 Problem 13.3: Supersonic Air Flow Diffuser Designs Solution for Problem 13.3 Problem 13.4: A Convergent-Divergent Nozzle with a Normal Shock Exhausting into a Diffuser Solution for Problem 13.4 Problem 13.5: Convergent-Divergent Diffuser with Variable Throat Area to Swallow the Starting Shock Solution for Problem 13.5 Problem 13.6: Outlet Diameter of a Vaneless Diffuser of a Radial-Flow Air Compressor Solution for Problem 13.6 Problem 13.7: Comparing Actual Pressure Rise Coefficient with Theoretical(Incompressible) Value for Diffusion in a Row of Axial-Flow Compressor Blades Solution for Problem 13.7 Problem 13.8: Dependence of Turbine Power Output on Exhaust Diffuser Pressure Rise Coefficient Solution for Problem 13.8 Problem 13.9: Incompressible Flow through a Frictionless Adiabatic Duct with and without a Diffuser Solution for Problem 13.9 Problem 13.10: Incompressible Flow in an Adiabatic Diffuser with a Bypass Duct Solution for Problem 13.10 References Bibliography Nomenclature 14. Internal Flow around Rotors and Stators Review of Key Concepts Problem 14.1: Pressure and Temperature Change in an Isentropic Compressible Free Vortex Flow Solution for Problem 14.1 Problem 14.2: Pressure and Temperature Change in an Isentropic Forced Vortex Solution for Problem 14.2 Problem 14.3: Pressure and Temperature Change in a Nonisentropic Generalized Vortex Solution for Problem 14.3 Problem 14.4: Radially Outward Flow through a Rotating Constant-Area Duct Solution for Problem 14.4 Problem 14.5: Radially Outward Flow through a Rotating Variable-Area Duct Solution for Problem 14.5 Problem 14.6: Impingement Air Cooling of a Cylindrical Surface with a Rotary Arm with Three Jets Solution for Problem 14.6 Problem 14.7: Impingement Air Cooling of a Cylindrical Surface: Rotary Arm Dynamics Solution for Problem 14.7 Problem 14.8: Impingement Air Cooling of a Cylindrical Surface: Rotary Arm Driven by an Electric Motor Solution for Problem 14.8 Problem 14.9: Axial Thrust of a Centrifugal Air Compressor Solution for Problem 14.9 Problem 14.10: Heat Transfer in a Rotating Duct of Arbitrary Cross Section Solution for Problem 14.10 Problem 14.11: Windage Temperature Rise in a Rotor Stator Cavity Solution for Problem 14.11 Problem 14.12: A Two-Tooth Labyrinth Seal Solution for Problem 14.12 Problem 14.13: A Two-Tooth Labyrinth Seal Choked under Both Teeth Solution for Problem 14.13 Problem 14.14: Kinetic Energy Carry-Over Factor for a Two-Tooth Labyrinth Seal Solution for Problem 14.14 Problem 14.15: Rotating Radial Pipes Carrying Compressor Bleed Air Flow for Turbine Cooling Solution for Problem 14.15 References Bibliography Nomenclature Appendix A Euler’s Turbomachinery Equation and Rothalpy Appendix B Dimensionless Velocity Diagrams for Axial-Flow Compressors and Turbines Index
Biography
Dr. Sultanian received his BTech and MS in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, and Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, respectively. He received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the Arizona State University, Tempe, and MBA from the Lally School of Management and Technology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Sultanian is Founder & Managing Member of Takaniki Communications, LLC, a provider of high-impact, web-based and live technical training programs for corporate engineering teams. As an Adjunct Professor at the University of Central Florida, he has taught graduate-level courses in Turbomachinery and Fluid Mechanics for 10 years. He is an international authority in gas turbine heat transfer, aerodynamics, secondary air systems, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Dr. Sultanian is a Life Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; an Emeritus Member of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society; a member of the American Society of Thermal and Fluids Engineers; and a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Ohio.