1st Edition

Foundations of Social Theory A Critical Introduction

By Neal Harris Copyright 2024
    238 Pages
    by Routledge

    238 Pages
    by Routledge

    Foundations of Social Theory: A Critical Introduction accessibly introduces students to classical and contemporary social theory, exploring the foundational theories which shape the discipline while also engaging critically with their contribution and presenting the more progressive and contemporary theorists in dialogue with canonical figures.

    Social theory is introduced as the construction and connection of concepts which make social inquiry possible while appreciating that the study of society is never truly objective. The relationship between positionality, politics, research, and knowledge production is discussed and ideas from critical theorists, feminist theorists, and decolonial, and critical race theorists are foregrounded. Travelling chronologically and thematically from the birth of the discipline and the work of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim through to intersectionality, queer theory, and decolonial and postcolonial theory, this book gives students a strong foundation in the broad field of social theory while also encouraging them to think critically about the theories and theorists presented.

    Equipped with end-of-chapter questions and further reading, this book will be essential reading for any student studying social theory for the first time.

    1. Introduction

                What is Social Theory?

                            Concepts

                            Theories

                            Perspectives

                What is Society?

                The Past, Present, and Future of Social Theory

                            Classical Social Theory

                            Contemporary Social Theory

                            What about the Future?

                Reading Social Theory Today

                The Structure of This Book

                Over to You

     

    2. Karl Marx: Critique, Class Struggle, and Revolution

                Key Concepts

    Alienation       

                            Class

                            Mode of Production

                            Commodity Fetishism

                            Historical Materialism

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                Linking Theory and Praxis

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Eurocentrism

                            Class Reductionism

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Marxist Schools

                            Marxism in Action

                            International Relations

     

    3. Émile Durkheim: Society Functions!

                Key Concepts

                            Anomie

                            Collective Consciousness

                            Organic and Mechanical Solidarity

                            Division of Labour

                            Social Facts

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                Functionalism

                Positivism

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Functionalism: Normalising conflict and exploitation

                            Positivism: Blind to Rationality and Depth-Psychology

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Structuration Theory

     

    4. Max Weber: Meaningful Social Action

                Key Concepts

                            Verstehen

                            Ideal Types

                            The Iron Cage

                            Authority and Social Action

                            Disenchantment and the Protestant Work Ethics

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                Interpretivism

                Linking Economy, Society, Subjectivity

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Was Weber racist?

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            The McDonaldization Thesis

                            Social Stratification

     

    5. The Early Frankfurt School: What happened to the revolution?

                Key Concepts

                            Traditional and Critical Theory

                            Reification

                            Instrumental Rationality

                            Culture Industry

                            Freudo-Marxism

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                The idea of ‘Critical Theory’

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Colonial Teleology

                            Androcentrism

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Science and Technology

     

    6. Pierre Bourdieu: Class meets Culture

                Key Concepts

                            Capital

                            Habitus

                            Field

                            Homology and Structural Correspondence

                            Symbolic Violence

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                Inequality and Cultural Sociology

                Sociology as a Combat Sport

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Forgetting the Mute Compulsion of Capital

                            Lacking Intersectionality

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Capital

                            Practice Theory

     

    7. The Frankfurt School Today: Modernity, Communication, and Recognition

                Key Concepts

                            Modernity and Social Learning Processes

                            Post-Marxism

                            Post-Metaphysics

                            Communicative Action

                            Recognition

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                The intersubjective turn

                Fusing theoretical traditions

                Modernity and Modernities

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Forgetting Capitalism

                            Blind to Power

                            Eurocentrism

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Communication and the public sphere

                            Recognition

                           

    8. Gender: Theorising Patriarchy

                Key Concepts

                            Patriarchy

                            Sex and Gender

                            Queer Theory

                            Care Labour and Feminist Political Economy

                            Intersectionality

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                Fluid Identities

                Hegemonic Masculinity

                Emphasized Femininity

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Equality, Diversity, Inclusion

                            The Decay of Intersectionality

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Political Urgency

     

    9. Post-Structuralism and Post-Modernism: ‘It’s all so much more complicated than that!’

    Key Concepts

                            Post-modernism

                            Deconstructionism

                            Discourse and Power/Knowledge

                            Biopolitics

                            Hyper-Reality

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                            Rejection of binaries

                            Subjectivity

                What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                            Relativism

                            Obscurantism and Nonsense

                How is this perspective used in social theory today?

                            Critical Discourse Analysis

     

    10. Decolonial Social Theory: Confronting Coloniality

                Key Concepts

                Coloniality of Power

                Eurocentrism

                Epistemicide and Decolonising Knowledge

                Subalternity

                Modernity/Coloniality

    How did these concepts shape social theory?

                Epistemic Diversity

                Normalising Global Social Research

    What are the problems for their use in social research today?

                Mute Symbolism and Co-Optation

                Neo-nativism and Fetishises Indigenieties

     

    11. Conclusion: Key Questions

    Biography

    Neal Harris is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Oxford Brookes University, UK. His most recent books include Critical Theory and Social Pathology: The Frankfurt School Beyond Recognition (Manchester University Press, 2022) and Capitalism and its Critics: Capitalism in Social and Political Theory (co-authored with Gerard Delanty, Routledge, 2022). He has taught social and political theory at the University of Sussex, University of Brighton, and Oxford Brookes University.

    “This splendid book brilliantly succeeds in the difficult task of introducing social theory in a clear, comprehensive and exceptionally readable form. The author's range of references is enormously impressive.”

    William Outhwaite, Emeritus Professor in Sociology, University of Newcastle, UK

    “Neal Harris has produced a comprehensive, insightful, and original overview of the most important ideas and concepts in social theory from Marx to the present. Each chapter is meticulously researched, detailed, and accessible. The book will be of great interest to undergraduates, postgraduates, and academics in the social sciences and humanities.”

    Darrow Schecter, Professor of Critical Theory at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

    Foundations of Social Theory: A Critical Introduction by Neal Harris is an excellent book which delivers exactly what the title promises - and then more. At a time when social theory, especially in its critical form, is under siege this is a very necessary book not only for students of social sciences who are beginners in social theory, but also for more established scholars. The very well presented introductory approach of Harris deals with essential thinkers, schools of thought, topics and controversies, making it a foundational read for everyone. On top of this, the particular style of thinking and writing of Harris also makes it highly valuable text for more experienced scholars – both as a challenge and as a starting point for rethinking and reassessing developed, and sometimes petrified, positions. I recommend this for all!”

    Heinz Sünker, Rudolf-Carnap-Senior-Professor at the Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Germany and Honorary Professor at Aarhus University, Denmark