1st Edition
Fractal Signatures in the Dynamics of an Epidemiology An Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission
The recent COVID-19 pandemic threw the world into complete chaos with its rapid and devastating spread. Scientists are still trying to obtain a better understanding of the patterns of COVID-19 and trying to get a deeper understanding of mutant strains and their pathogenicity by performing genomic sequences of more samples. Fractal-based analysis provides its unique forecasting policy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and in general, of any outbreaks.
The book presents fractal and multifractal models of COVID-19 and reviews the impact of the pandemic including epidemiology, genome organization, transmission cycle, and control strategies based on mathematical models towards developing an immune intervention. Also, it covers non-clinical aspects such as economic development with graphical illustrations, meeting the needs of onlookers outside the sector who desire additional information on the epidemic. The fractal signatures describe the fractal textures in the patterns of Coronavirus. Studies on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in relation with the fractals and fractal functions serve to exhibit its irregular chaotic nature. Moreover, the book with its wide coverage on the Hurst exponent analysis and the fractal dimension estimation, greatly aids in measuring the epidemiology.
Analysis of the Current, Past, and Future Evolution of COVID-19
Reza Elahi, Parsa Karami, Mahsa Bazargan, Shahrzad Ahmadi, Arash Azhideh, and Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
Introduction
An overview of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2
An overview of the evolution of COVID-19
Future evolution of COVID-19 based on fractal models
Conclusion
A Fractal Viewpoint to Covid-19 Infection
Oscar Sotolongo-Costa, Jose´ Weberszpil, and Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
Introduction
Fractal Model
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Outlook for Further Investigations
Design of Covid-19 Fractal Antenna Array for 5G and mm-WAVE Wireless Application
J. S. Abdaljabar, M. Madi, A. Al - Hindawi, and K. Kabalan
Design of COVID-19 Antenna Array for Centimeter Wave Band
Antenna Fabrication and Measurements
Design of COVID-19 Antenna Array for Millimeter Wave Band
Conclusion
Design of Fractal COVID-19 Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Wireless Applications
J. S. Abdaljabar, M. Madi, A. Al - Hindawi, and K. Kabalan
Introduction and Preliminaries
Fractal Geometry
Antenna Configuration
Some of Related Formula
Results and Discussion
Antenna Array Design Using Miniaturized Patch Element
Conclusion
Fluctuation Analysis Through Multifractals for the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 akanCoV-19 Community Spread in USA
Aashima Bangia, and Rashmi Bhardwaj
Introduction
Dataset Collection
Multi-fractal Analysis
Hurst Rescaled R/S Analysis
Discrete Waveform Signal analysis (DWS)
Conclusion
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis on COVID-19 Dynamics
M. Dhanzeem Ahmed, D. Easwaramoorthy, Bilel Selmi, and Sara Darabi
Introduction
Mathematical Methods
Data Description
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
AnIntegrated Perspective of Fractal Time Series Analysis for Infected Cases of COVID-19
A. Gowrisankar, D. Easwaramoorthy, R. Valarmathi, P.S. Eliahim Jeevaraj, Christo Ananth, and
Ilie Vasiliev
Introduction
Methods
Clinical Data
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
A Mathematical Model for COVID-19 Pandemic with the Impact of Economic Development
Jayanta Mondal, Subhas Khajanchi, and Md Nasim Akhtar
Introduction
Mathematical Model
Mathematical Analysis
Numerical Illustrations
Conclusion
Growth Analysis of Covid-19 Cases Using Fractal Interpolation Functions
M.P. Aparna, and P. Paramanathan
Introduction
Preliminaries
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Classification of COVID-19 Time Series Through Hurst Exponent and Fractal Dimension C. Kavitha, M. Meenakshi, and A. Gowrisankar
Introduction
Methodology
Data Description
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
A Study on the Variants and Subvariants of a Solitary Virus
A.A. Navish, and R.Uthayakumar
Introduction
Preliminaries
Analyzing Chaotic Characteristics of SARS Cov-2 Variants and Subvariants
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Mathematical Modelling of Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Growth Using Lambert Function
C. Aishwarya, and P. Paramanathan
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Model formulation
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Biography
Santo Banerjee is associated with the Department of Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic Torino, Torino, Italy. Earlier, he was an Associate Professor in the Institute for Mathematical Research, UPM, Malaysia till 2020, and was also a founder member of the Malaysia-Italy Centre of Excellence in Mathematical Science, UPM, Malaysia. His research mainly covers Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos, Complexity and Secure Communication. He is a Managing Editor of EPJ Plus (Springer).
A. Gowrisankar received his Master’s (2012) and PhD (2017) degrees in Mathematics from the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Tamil Nadu, India. Further, he got institute postdoctoral fellowship from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. At present, he is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India. His broad area of research includes fractal analysis, image processing and fractional calculus of fractal functions.
