1st Edition
Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II
Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II comprises the Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG), organised by the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS) and held at the University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth from 8 – 10 November 2010. The volume addresses current and emerging challenges facing those working in offshore geotechnics, spanning construction, design and research. Keynote papers with authors from industry and academia describe the state-of-the-art of practice and theory. A further 117 peer-reviewed papers describe emerging research, new design techniques and recent case studies related to the frontiers of offshore geotechnical engineering. The themes of the papers include geohazards, gas hydrates, in situ site characterisation and pore pressure measurement, site investigation, soil characterisation, foundations for renewable energy, shallow foundations, jack-up units, piled foundations, anchoring systems, pipelines and risk and reliability. New and established design methods representing industry best practice are discussed alongside new construction technologies and emerging research ideas. Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art reference for professionals and researchers in offshore, civil and maritime engineering and for soil mechanics specialists.
1 Keynotes
A systematic approach to offshore engineering for multiple-project developments in geohazardous areas
T.G. Evans
Recommended best practice for geotechnical site characterisation of cohesive offshore sediments
D.J. DeGroot, T. Lunne & T.I. Tjelta
Gulf of Guinea deepwater sediments: Geotechnical properties, design issues and installation experiences
J.-L. Colliat, H. Dendani, A. Puech & J.-F. Nauroy
Geotechnics for subsea pipelines
D.J. White & D.N. Cathie
Axial and lateral pile design in carbonate soils
C.T. Erbrich, M.P. O’Neill, P. Clancy & M.F. Randolph
New frontiers for centrifuge modelling in offshore geotechnics
C. Gaudin, E.C. Clukey, J. Garnier & R. Phillips
Risk and reliability on the frontier of offshore geotechnics
R.B. Gilbert, J.D. Murff & E.C. Clukey
2 Geohazards and gas hydrates
Neotectonic deformation of northwestern Australia: Implications for oil and gas development
J.V. Hengesh, K. Wyrwoll & B.B. Whitney
Deepwater Angola part I: Geohazard mitigation
A.J. Hill, J.G. Southgate, P.R. Fish & S. Thomas
Deepwater Angola part II: Geotechnical challenges
A.J. Hill, T.G. Evans, B. Mackenzie & G. Thompson
Shallow gas hazard linked to worldwide delta environments
S. Kortekaas, E. Sens & B. Sarata
Analysis of submarine flow slides in fine silty sand
P.V. Lade & J.A.Yamamuro
Hydrate dissociation around oil exploration infrastructure
A.K. Sultaniya, J.A. Priest & C.R.I. Clayton
An investigation of past mass movement events in the West Nile Delta
S. Thomas, L. Bell, K. Ticehurst & P.S. Dimmock
Deformation of seabed due to exploitation of methane hydrate reservoir
J. Yoneda, M. Hyodo, Y. Nakata, N. Yoshimoto & R. Orense
3 In situ site characterisation and pore pressure measurement
A site investigation strategy to obtain fast-track shear strength design parameters in deep water soils
D. Borel, A. Puech & S. Po
Enhancement of the ball penetrometer test with pore pressure measurements
N. Boylan, M.F. Randolph & H.E. Low
Laboratory free falling penetrometer test into clay
S.H. Chow & D.W. Airey
Offshore sediment overpressures: Overview of mechanisms, measurement and modeling
B. Dugan, T.C. Sheahan, J.M. Thibault & T.G. Evans
Angolan deepwater soil conditions: GIS technology development for sediment characterization
P. Enjaume, M. Hamon, K. Epalanga & B. Mackenzie
Strength measurement in very soft upper seabed sediments
P. Kelleher, H.E. Low, C. Jones, T. Lunne, S. Strandvik & T.I. Tjelta
CPT in polar snow – preliminary observations
A.B. McCallum, A. Barwise & R. Santos
Parametric study of a free-falling penetrometer in clay-like soils
M. Nazem & J.P. Carter
The future of deepwater site investigation: Seabed drilling technology?
J.J. Osborne, A.G. Yetginer, T. Halliday & T.I. Tjelta
Mini T-bar testing at shallow penetration
A. Puech, M. Orozco-Calderón & P. Foray
Piezometer installation in deepwater Norwegian Sea
T.I. Tjelta & J. Strout
Luva deepwater site investigation programme and findings
T.I. Tjelta & A.G. Yetginer
Investigations into novel shallow penetrometers for fine-grained soils
Y. Yan, D.J. White & M.F. Randolph
Seabed drilling vs surface drilling – a comparison
A.G. Yetginer & T.I. Tjelta
4 Soil characterisation and modelling
Rheological behaviour of soft clays
P.E.L. de Santa Maria, I.S.M. Martins & F.C.M. de Santa Maria
A three-dimensional finite element study of the direct simple shear test
J.P. Doherty & M. Fahey
Repeated loading and unloading of the seabed
H.J.E. Hu, K.K. Tho, C.T. Gan, A.C. Palmer & C.F. Leung
A new interpretation of the simple shear test
H.A. Joer, C.T. Erbrich & S.S. Sharma
Physical modelling of the crushing behaviour of granular materials
H.A. Joer & S.S. Sharma
New evidence for the origin and behaviour of deep ocean ‘crusts’
M.Y-H. Kuo, M.D. Bolton, A.J. Hill & M.J. Rattley
Soil unit weight estimated from CPTu in offshore soils
P.W. Mayne, J. Peuchen & D. Bouwmeester
Strain rate dependent simple shear behaviour of deepwater sediments in offshore Angola
M.J. Rattley, A.J. Hill, S. Thomas & B. Sampurno
Simplified calibration procedure for a high-cycle accumulation model based on cyclic triaxial tests on 22 sands
T. Wichtmann, A. Niemunis & Th. Triantafyllidis
Understanding cyclic loading behavior of soil for offshore applications
J. Yang
5 Shallow foundations
Observations of shallow skirted foundations under transient and sustained uplift
H.E. Acosta-Martinez, S. Gourvenec & M.F. Randolph
Numerical study of grillage foundations on sand under combined VHM loading
M. Banimahd, A. Maconochie & J. Oliphant
The vertical bearing capacity of grillage foundations in sand
M.F. Bransby, P. Hudacsek, J.A. Knappett, M.J. Brown, N. Morgan, D.N. Cathie, R. Egborge, A. Maconochie, G.J. Yun, N. Brown & A. Ripley
Behaviour of skirted footings on sand overlying clay
C.T. Gan, K.L. Teh, C.F. Leung, Y.K. Chow & S. Swee
Numerical study of piping limits for suction installation of offshore skirted foundations and anchors in layered sand
L.B. Ibsen & C.L. Thilsted
Shallow foundation performance in a calcareous sand
B.M. Lehane
A numerical study of the vertical bearing capacity of skirted foundations
D.S.K. Mana, S. Gourvenec & M.F. Randolph
The effect of torsion on the sliding resistance of rectangular foundations
J.D. Murff, C.P. Aubeny & M. Yang
Foundation design challenges of the MCR-A skirted gravity platform
L. Tapper, C. Humpheson & B.M. Lehane
Constructing breakwater with prefabricated caissons on soft clay
S. Yan, X. Feng & J. Chu
6 Piled foundations
Simplified analysis of laterally loaded pile groups
F.M. Abdrabbo & K.E. Gaaver
Behavior of piles under combined lateral and axial loading
M. Achmus & K. Thieken
Investigations on the behavior of large diameter piles under cyclic lateral loading
M. Achmus, J. Albiker & K. Abdel-Rahman
BP Clair phase 1 – Pile driveability and capacity in extremely hard till
T.R. Aldridge, T.M. Carrington, R.J. Jardine, R. Little, T.G. Evans & I. Finnie
Photoelastic investigation into plugging of open ended piles
J. Dijkstra, E.A. Alderlieste & W. Broere
Soil-pile interaction during extrusion of an initially deformed pile
C.T. Erbrich, E. Barbosa-Cruz & R. Barbour
BP Clair phase 1 – Geotechnical assurance of driven piled foundations in extremely hard till
T.G. Evans, I. Finnie, R. Little, R.J. Jardine & T.R. Aldridge
Pile driving experiences in Persian Gulf calcareous sands
K. Fakharian & I.H. Attar
FLAC3D analysis on soil moving through piles
E.H. Ghee & W.D. Guo
Cyclic loading of barrettes in soft calcareous rock using Osterberg cells
C.M. Haberfield, D.R. Paul, M.C. Ervin & G.A. Chapman
Shaft capacity of drilled and grouted piles in calcareous sandstone
B.M. Lehane
Numerical analysis of mudmat contribution to capacity of piled offshore platforms
L.S.D. Lorenti, M.A. Ismail & B.M. Lehane
Simplified numerical model for analysis of offshore piles under cyclic lateral loading
M.M. Memarpour, M. Kimiaei & M. Shayanfar
Centrifuge modelling of rapid load tests with piles in silt and sand
C.T. Nguyen, H. van Lottum, P. Hölscher & A.F. van Tol
Field measurements on monopile Dolphins
A. Sadeghi-Hokmabadi & A. Fakher
Behaviour of driven tubular steel piles in calcarenite for a marine jetty in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
J. Thomas, M. van den Berg, F. Chow & N. Maas
CPT-Based design method for axial capacity of offshore piles in clays
B.F.J. Van Dijk & H.J. Kolk
7 Foundations for renewable energy
Evaluation of pile capacity approaches with respect to piles for wind energy foundations in the North Sea
M. Achmus & M. Müller
Installation of suction caissons for offshore renewable energy structures
O.J. Cotter, B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby
Lateral behaviour of large diameter monopiles at Sheringham Shoal Wind Farm
L. Hamre, S. Feizi Khankandi, P.J. Strøm & C. Athanasiu
Centrifuge modelling of offshore monopile foundation
R.T. Klinkvort & O. Hededal
Gravity based foundations for the Rødsand 2 offshore wind farm, Denmark
L. Krogh, J.H. Lyngs & J.S. Steenfelt
Geotechnics for developing offshore renewable energy in the US
M. Landon Maynard & J.A. Schneider
Engineering issues for fixed offshore wind turbines on Lake Michigan Mid Lake Plateau, USA
P.J. Lang, J.A. Schneider, K. Smith & T. McNeilan
Centrifuge model tests on piled footings in clay for offshore wind turbines
B.M. Lehane, W. Powrie & J.P. Doherty
Design of monopile foundations in sand for offshore windfarms
M. Saue, T.E. Langford & N. Mortensen
Experimental evaluation of backfill in scour holes around offshore monopiles
S.P.H. Sørensen, L.B. Ibsen & P. Frigaard
An investigation of the use of a bearing plate to enhance the lateral capacity of monopile foundations
K.J.L. Stone, T.A. Newson, M. El Marassi, H. El Naggar, R.N. Taylor & R.J. Goodey
Optimizing site investigations and pile design for wind farms using geostatistical methods: A case study
B. Stuyts, V. Vissers, D.N. Cathie, C. Jaeck & S. Dörfeldt
Towards the FE prediction of permanent deformations of offshore wind power plant foundations using a high-cycle accumulation model
T. Wichtmann, A. Niemunis & Th. Triantafyllidis
Cyclic accumulation effects at foundations for offshore wind turbines
H. Wienbroer, H. Zachert, G. Huber, P. Kudella & Th. Triantafyllidis
Study on soil-structure interaction of suction caisson by large-scale model tests
B. Zhu, D.Q. Kong, L.G. Kong, R.P. Chen & Y.M. Chen
8 Jack-up units
Simplified VH equations for foundation punch-through sand into clay
J.-C. Ballard, P. Delvosal, P.H. Yonatan, A. Holeyman & S. Kay
Characterisation of undrained shear strength using statistical methods
B. Bienen, M.J. Cassidy, M.F. Randolph & K.L. Teh
Centrifuge modelling of spudcan deep penetration in multi-layered soils
M.S. Hossain, M.F. Randolph & Y.N. Saunier
A probabilistic approach to the prediction of spudcan penetration of jack-up units
G.T. Houlsby
An assessment of jackup spudcan extraction
O.A. Purwana, H. Krisdani, X.Y. Zheng, M. Quah & K.S. Foo
3D FE analysis of the installation process of spudcan foundations
G. Qiu, S. Henke & J. Grabe
Undrained bearing capacity of deeply embedded foundations under general loading
Y. Zhang, B. Bienen, M.J. Cassidy & S. Gourvenec
9 Anchoring systems
Trajectory prediction for drag embedment anchors under out of plane loading
C.P. Aubeny & C.-M. Chi
Setup following keying of plate anchors assessed through centrifuge tests in kaolin clay
A.P. Blake, C.D. O’Loughlin & C. Gaudin
Seismically-induced displacements of a suction caisson in soft clay
A.J. Brennan, S.P.G. Madabhushi & P. Cooper
SEPLA keying prediction method based on full-scale offshore tests
R.P. Brown, P.C. Wong & J.M. Audibert
Set-up of suction piles in deepwater Gulf of Guinea clays
J.-L. Colliat & D. Colliard
Centrifuge testing of suction piles in deepwater Nigeria clay – Effect of stiffeners and set-up time
J.-L. Colliat, H. Dendani, H.P. Jostad, K.H. Andersen, L. Thorel, J. Garnier & G. Rault
Numerical FEM and laboratory study of the bearing capacity factor Nc for plate anchors
L.N. Equihua-Anguiano, M. Orozco-Calderón, P. Foray & M. Boulon
Caisson capacity in clay: VHM resistance envelope – Part 2: VHM envelope equation and design procedures
S. Kay & E. Palix
Installation and in-place assessment of drag anchors in carbonate soil
M.P. O’Neill, S.R. Neubecker & C.T. Erbrich
Caisson capacity in clay: VHM resistance envelope – Part 1: 3D FEM numerical study
E. Palix, T. Willems & S. Kay
Numerical investigation of the behaviour of suction caissons in structured clays
S. Panayides, M. Rouainia & A. Osman
Cyclic moment loading of suction caissons in sand
B. Zhu, B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby
10 Pipelines and risers
Multidirectional analysis of pipeline-soil interaction in clay
R.G. Borges & J.R.M.S. Oliveira
Geotechnical challenges for deepwater pipeline design – SAFEBUCK JIP
D.A.S. Bruton, M. Carr & F. Sinclair
Large deformation finite element analysis of vertical penetration of pipelines in seabed
S. Chatterjee, M.F. Randolph, D.J. White & D. Wang
Implementation of geotechnical techniques in the analysis of pipeline response
G. Cumming & N. Brown
Lateral soil resistance to an untrenched pipeline under the action of ocean currents
F.P. Gao, S.M. Yan, E.Y. Zhang, Y.X. Wu & X. Jia
Vertical cyclic testing of model steel catenary riser at large scale
T.E. Langford & V.M. Meyer
Kupe gas project pipeline – optimisation of discrete rock berm design shore approach
B.L. Larsson
Model test studies on soil restraint to pipelines buried in sand
R. Liu, S.W. Yan & J. Chu
Pipe-soil interaction on clay with a variable shear strength profile
D.R. Morrow & M.F. Bransby
Sweeping behaviour of shallowly-embedded pipeline during cyclic lateral movement
T. Takatani
Advanced nonlinear hysteretic seabed model for dynamic fatigue analysis of steel catenary risers
I.H.Y. Ting, M. Kimiaei & M.F. Randolph
Mobilization distance in uplift resistance modeling of pipelines
J. Wang, S.K. Haigh, N.I. Thusyanthan & S. Mesmar
Theoretical, numerical and field studies of offshore pipeline sleeper crossings
Z.J. Westgate, M.F. Randolph, D.J. White & P. Brunning
Observations of pipe-soil response from the first deep water deployment of the SMARTPIPE®
D.J. White, A.J. Hill, Z.J. Westgate & J.-C. Ballard
11 Trenching, ploughing, excavation and burial
Influence of object geometry on penetration into the seabed
A. Ivanović, R.D. Neilson, G. Giuliani & M.F. Bransby
Investigation into the effect of forecutters on plough performance
K.D. Lauder, M.J. Brown, M.F. Bransby & J. Pyrah
State-of-the-art jet trenching analysis in stiff clays
J.B. Machin & P.A. Allan
Numerical modelling of soil around offshore pipeline plough shares
W. Peng & M.F. Bransby
Anchor–chain–rockfill–soil interaction: Evolution of design methods
H. van Lottum & H.J. Luger
Development of a jet trenching model in sand
J.-F. Vanden Berghe, J. Pyrah, S. Goading & H. Capart
12 Design and risk
Structural factors affecting the system capacity of jacket pile foundations
J.Y. Chen, R.B. Gilbert, J.D. Murff, A.G. Young & F.J. Puskar
The new API Recommended Practice for Geotechnical Engineering: RP 2GEO
P. Jeanjean, P.G. Watson, H.J. Kolk & S. Lacasse
Comparison of ISO 19901-2 and API RP 2A seismic design criteria for a site in the Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan
Z.A. Lubkowski, J.E. Alarcon & Z.A. Razak
Offshore geotechnics – safe and sustainable
J. Peuchen & J. Haas
Biography
Susan Gourvenec is currently an Associate Professor at the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS) in the University of Western Australia (UWA) having joined as a Research Fellow in 2001. Susan’s research has spanned tunneling, foundations and retaining walls, using advanced numerical analysis, centrifuge modelling and element testing. Her recent research has led to new design approaches for offshore shallow foundation systems and anchors, tackling the effects of combined loading and uplift. This work has led to awards from the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), the Australian and New Zealand Geomechanics Society and the International Journal of Geomechanics. Assoc. Professor Gourvenec is a member of the Shallow Foundations task group within the API Geotechnical Resource Group. She has authored more than 70 technical publications and leads the delivery of specialist courses on offshore geomechanics for industry and at Masters level within UWA. Assoc. Professor Gourvenec chaired the inaugural International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics in 2005, as well as this subsequent event, and in both cases co-edited the proceedings.
David White has been a Professorial Fellow at the Centre for Offshore Foundations since 2007. His principal research areas are pipeline geotechnics and foundation engineering. He was awarded his PhD in 2002 from the University of Cambridge. He held a Lectureship in Cambridge until 2007 when he took up his current position at UWA. Professor White has authored more than 140 technical papers including 6 conference keynotes. His publications have won 5 awards, including the Telford Premium, the Bishop Medal and the BGA Prize (twice), and the Australian Academy of Science awarded him the 2010 Anton Hales Medal for distinguished research. Professor White interacts closely with industry, acting as a consultant through the Perth-based firm, Advanced Geomechanics, and he has served on the editorial boards of three journals and on two ISO standard committees (concerned with jack-up foundations and pipelines). He is Secretary of the ISSMGE's Technical Committee 104 (Geotechnical Physical Modelling).