Handbook of Geospatial Artificial Intelligence

Section 1: Historical Roots of GeoAI

1. Introduction to Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) 

Song Gao, Yingjie Hu, and Wenwen Li

2. GeoAI’s Thousands Years of History 

Helen Couclelis

3. Philosophical Foundations of GeoAI 

Krzysztof Janowicz

Section 2: GeoAI Methods 

4. GeoAI Methodological Foundations: Deep Neural Networks and Knowledge Graphs 

Song Gao, Jinmeng Rao, Yunlei Liang et al. 

5. GeoAI for Spatial Image Processing

Samantha T. Arundel, Kevin G. McKeehan,Wenwen Li et al.

6. Spatial Representation Learning in GeoAI 

Gengchen Mai, Ziyuan Li, and Ni Lao

7. Intelligent Spatial Prediction and Interpolation Methods 

Di Zhu and Guofeng Cao

8. Heterogeneity-Aware Deep Learning in Space: Performance and Fairness 

Yiqun Xie, Xiaowei Jia, Weiye Chen et al.

9. Explainability in GeoAI 

Ximeng Cheng, Marc Vischer, Zachary Schellin et al.

10. Spatial Cross-Validation for GeoAI 

Kai Sun, Yingjie Hu, Gaurish Lakhanpal et al.

Section 3: GeoAI Applications 

11. GeoAI for the Digitization of Historical Maps 

Yao-Yi Chiang, Muhao Chen, Weiwei Duan et al.

12. Spatiotemporal AI for Transportation 

Tao Cheng, James Haworth, and Mustafa Can Ozkan

13. GeoAI for Humanitarian Assistance

 Philipe A. Dias, Thomaz Kobayashi-Carvalhaes, Sarah Walters et al.

14. GeoAI for Disaster Response 

Lei Zou, Ali Mostafavi, Bing Zhou et al.

15. GeoAI for Public Health 

Andreas Zu¨fle, Taylor Anderson, Hamdi Kavak, et al.

16. GeoAI for Agriculture 

Chishan Zhang, Chunyuan Diao, and Tianci Guo

17. GeoAI for Urban Sensing 

Filip Biljecki

Section 4: Perspectives for the Future of GeoAI  

18. Reproducibility and Replicability in GeoAI 

Peter Kedron, Tyler D. Hoffman, and Sarah Bardin

19. Privacy and Ethics in GeoAI 

Grant McKenzie, Hongyu Zhang, and S´ebastien Gambs

20. A Humanistic Future of GeoAI 

Bo Zhao and Jiaxin Feng

21. (Geographic) Knowledge Graphs and Their Applications 

Krzysztof Janowicz, Kitty Currier, Cogan Shimizu et al.

22. Forward Thinking on GeoAI

Shawn Newsam

Biography

Song Gao is an Assistant Professor and the Director of Geospatial Data Science Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He holds a Ph.D. degree in Geography from the University of California-Santa Barbara. His research interests are on Spatial Data Science and GeoAI approaches to Human Mobility and Social Sensing. He has authored and co-authored over 50 peer-reviewed articles in prominent journals and conference proceedings. He is the recipient of various research and teaching awards at the university, state, and international levels, including the Waldo Tobler Young Researcher Award in GIScience. He serves as the Associate Editor for Annals of GIS, and editorial board member for Scientific Reports, PLOS One, and Guest Editor for IJGIS, TGIS, and GeoInformatica. He has been a lead organizer for the AAG symposiums on GeoAI and Deep Learning and and for the ACM SIGSPATIAL GeoAI workshops.

Yingjie Hu is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University at Buffalo, NY, and at the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA). He holds a PhD from the Department of Geography at UC Santa Barbara. He is the author of over 50 peer-reviewed articles in top international journals and conferences. He and his work received awards at international, national, and university levels, including Waldo-Tobler Young Researcher Award, GIScience 2018 Best Full Paper Award, and others. His research was also covered by major media such as Reuters and VOA News.

Wenwen Li is a Full Professor in the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, where she heads the CyberInfrastructure and Computation Intelligence Lab. Li's work has been applied to several scientific disciplines, including polar science, climatology, public health, hydrology and urban studies. Her research has been supported by various funding agencies, including the National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Geological Survey (USGS), and Open Geospatial Consortium. Li was the chair of the Association of American Geographers' cyber-infrastructure specialty group from 2013-2014; a member of the Spatial Decision Support Consortium at the University of the Redlands (2015-); and a graduate faculty member in the Computer Science program at ASU (2016-). Li is also the 2015 NSF CAREER award winner and 2021 NSF Mid-CAREER award winner.