2nd Edition
Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications Laser Applications: Medical, Metrology and Communication (Volume Four)
This comprehensive handbook gives a fully updated guide to lasers and laser technologies, including the complete range of their technical applications. This forth volume covers laser applications in the medical, metrology and communications fields.
Key Features:
• Offers a complete update of the original, bestselling work, including many brand-new chapters.
• Deepens the introduction to fundamentals, from laser design and fabrication to host matrices for solid-state lasers, energy level diagrams, hosting materials, dopant energy levels, and lasers based on nonlinear effects.
• Covers new laser types, including quantum cascade lasers, silicon-based lasers, titanium sapphire lasers, terahertz lasers, bismuth-doped fiber lasers, and diode-pumped alkali lasers.
• Discusses the latest applications, e.g., lasers in microscopy, high-speed imaging, attosecond metrology, 3D printing, optical atomic clocks, time-resolved spectroscopy, polarization and profile measurements, pulse measurements, and laser-induced fluorescence detection.
• Adds new sections on laser materials processing, laser spectroscopy, lasers in imaging, lasers in environmental sciences, and lasers in communications.
This handbook is the ideal companion for scientists, engineers, and students working with lasers, including those in optics, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, and other relevant areas.
Preface........................................................................................................................................................................................... vii
Editors..............................................................................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors.....................................................................................................................................................................................xi
1. Lasers in Metrology: Section Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
Julian Jones and Lance Thomas
2. Fundamental Length Metrology............................................................................................................................................3
Jens Flügge, Stefanie Kroker, and Harald Schnatz
3. Laser Velocimetry.................................................................................................................................................................23
Cameron Tropea
4. Laser Vibrometers.................................................................................................................................................................43
Neil A. Halliwell
5. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI)........................................................................................................... 61
Lianxiang Yang and Xinya Gao
6. Optical Fibre Hydrophones..................................................................................................................................................81
Geoffrey A. Cranch and Philip J. Nash
7. Laser Stabilization for Precision Measurements............................................................................................................. 111
G. P. Barwood and P. Gill
8. Laser Cooling and Trapping..............................................................................................................................................127
Charles Adams and Ifan Hughes
9. Precision Timekeeping: Optical Atomic Clocks..............................................................................................................139
Shimon Kolkowitz and Jun Ye
10. Optical Atomic Clock and Laser Applications to Length and Time Metrology...........................................................157
Y. Jiang, Y. Huang, and K. Gao
11. Gravitation Measurements with Laser Interferometry.................................................................................................. 171
Harold V. Parks
12. Satellite Laser Ranging...................................................................................................................................................... 181
José C. Rodríguez and Graham M. Appleby
13. Lasers in Medical: Section Introduction..........................................................................................................................199
Terence A. King and Brian C. Wilson
14. Light–Tissue Interactions...................................................................................................................................................201
Steven Jacques and Michael Patterson
15. Ophthalmic Laser Therapy and Surgery.........................................................................................................................227
Daniel Palanker
16. Therapeutic Application: Refractive Surgery..................................................................................................................243
Leonardo Mastropasqua
17. Photodynamic Therapy......................................................................................................................................................249
Brian C. Wilson and Stephen G. Bown
18. Therapeutic Applications: Thermal Treatment of Tumours.......................................................................................... 261
Stephen G. Bown
19. Therapeutic Applications: Dermatology—Selective Photothermolysis.........................................................................267
Sean Lanigan
20. Therapeutic Applications: Lasers in Vascular Surgery..................................................................................................273
Mahesh Pai
21. Therapeutic Applications: Free-Electron Laser..............................................................................................................281
E. Duco Jansen, Michael Copeland, Glenn S. Edwards, William Gabella, Karen Joos,
Mark A. Mackanos, Jin H. Shen, and Stephen R. Uhlhorn
22. Medical Diagnostics............................................................................................................................................................291
Brian C. Wilson
23. Broad Bandwidth Light Sources in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)...............................................................309
Jinxin Huang and Jannick P. Rolland
24. Laser Applications in Biology and Biotechnology........................................................................................................... 321
Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Alexander J Annala, and Daniel L Farkas
25. Biomedical Laser Safety.....................................................................................................................................................345
Harry Moseley and Bill Davies
26. Laser in Communications: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................365
John Marsh, Subhash C. Singh, and Chunlei Guo
27. Fibre-to-the-Chip: Development of Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays
Designed for Integration with VLSI Circuits...................................................................................................................367
Ashok Krishnamoorthy, L. M. F. Chirovsky, K. W. Goosen, J. Lopata, and W. S. Hobson
28. Advances in Laser Satellite Communications..................................................................................................................383
Hamid Hemmati
29. Passive Silicon Photonic Integrated Components and Circuits for Optical Communications...................................397
Daoxin Dai, Yiwei Xie, and Yaocheng Shi
30. Fibre-Optic Transmission Systems from Chip-to-Chip Interconnects to Trans-Oceanic Cables.............................427
Peter J. Winzer
31. Visible Light Communications and LiFi..........................................................................................................................443
Cheng Chen, Mohamed Sufyan Islim, and Harald Haas
32. Optical Data Storage...........................................................................................................................................................463
Byoung S. Ham
Index.............................................................................................................................................................................................473
Biography
Chunlei Guo is a full professor in The Institute of Optics at University of Rochester. He received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Connecticut in 1999, and was later named one of the University's “40 Under 40 Outstanding Alumni.” His postdoctoral training was at Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1999 to 2001, where his work was awarded the Postdoctoral Publication Prize in Experimental Sciences. He joined the faculty of University of Rochester in 2001. Dr. Guo is a pioneer in femtosecond laser processing of materials and the study of laser-matter interactions at high intensities. His research includes work on transforming metals into functional materials with desired properties such as being water repellent, water attracting, and highly absorbent, and has been featured by the media, including The New York Times, CNN, Time Magazine, BBC, USA Today, and Newsweek. Professor Guo has taught courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, including Principles of Lasers, Optics Laboratory, Optoelectronics: Laser Systems, and Modern Laser Technology. He is an elected Fellow for both American Physical Society and Optical Society of America (OSA). He has authored well over 100 refereed journal articles and has been playing an active role in the scientific community, including as editor of the Nature journal Light: Science & Applications and associate editor of OSA’s Optics Express, and serving on various program and organizing committees.
