Heat Transfer Fluids and Systems for Process and Energy Applications

Table of Contents

Preface
General Aspects of Indirect Heat Transfer
Introduction
Range of Fluids
Industrial Process Heat Demand
Selection Criteria for Heat Transfer Systems
References
Relevant Aspects of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer
Introduction
Nature of Fluid Flow
Pressure to Drop Due to Flow in Pipes
Aspects of Basic Heat Transfer
Correlations for Natural Convection
Correlations for Forced Convection
Combined Natural and Forced Convection
Heat Transfer by Vapor Condensation
Heat Transfer with Boiling
Heat Transfer by Liquid Metals
Heat Exchangers
Heat Transfer in Vessels and Reactors
Nomenclature
References
Water
Introduction
Thermodynamic Properties
Water Contaminants and Their Measurements
Cooling Water Systems
Steam Systems: General
Steam Systems in Process Plant
High-Pressure Water Heating
Steam Turbines
Water Usage for Nuclear Power
Heat Transfer Rates
Hazards of Water and Steam
Nomenclature
References
Gases
Introduction
Quantity and Properties of Combustion Products
Heat Conservation in Fired Units: Principles
Practical Aspects of Heat Recovery
Quantitative Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery
Gas Turbines
Heat Recovery from Gas Turbine Exhausts
Combined Cycle (Cogeneration) Plants
Air Cooling
Use of Gases for Nuclear Power
Nomenclature
References
Organic Fluids
Introduction
Overview of Fluid Characteristics
Flow Sheets of Typical Systems
Heat Transfer Rates
Design of Heaters and Vaporizers
Special Considerations for Vapor-Phase Systems
Natural Versus Forced Circulation Systems
Vapor Versus Liquid Systems
Hazard and Operability Considerations
Nomenclature
References
Molten Salts
Introduction
Properties of KNO3-NaNO3-NaNO2 Salts
Properties of Other Salts
Salt Systems for General Process Applications
Salt Systems for Solar Energy Recovery
Heat Transfer Rates
Process Equipment Selection and Specification
Safety Considerations
Nomenclature
References
Liquid Metals
Introduction
Aspects of Heat Transfer
Use in Nuclear Power: Fast Breeder Reactors
Use in Solar Power
Use in Conventional Power Plants
Process Equipment Selection and Specification
Health and Safety Aspects
Nomenclature
References
Appendix 1 Table of Saturated Water and Steam Properties and Superheated Steam Properties
Appendix 2: Tables of Organic Fluids Usable in Vapor or Liquid Phase and Organic Fluids Only in Liquid Phase
Index