Acknowledgments
About the Author
Contributing Authors
Foreword by Emmanuel Rosen, BSc, MD, FRCSEd, FRCOphth, FRPS
Foreword by Bradley Straatsma, MD, JD
Section I: Basics and Accurate Biometry
Chapter 1. Section I: Introduction
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 2. Axial Length: Ultrasound: Background
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 3. Immersion Versus Applanation Ultrasound
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 4. Ultrasound Velocities for Axial Length Measurement
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 5. A-Scan Biometry: Immersion Technique
H. John Shammas, MD
Chapter 6. A-Scan Biometry: Avoiding Pitfalls with Immersion Technique
Karl Ossoinig, MD
Chapter 7. Available A-Scan Instrumentation
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 8. Immersion Using the Prager Shell
Thomas C. Prager, PhD, MPH
Chapter 9. Axial Length: Laser Interferometry: Basics of the IOLMaster
Wolfgang Haigis, MS, PhD
Chapter 10. IOLMaster Examination
Wolfgang Haigis, MS, PhD
Chapter 11. IOLMaster in Difficult Eyes
Wolfgang Haigis, MS, PhD
Chapter 12. Axial Length: Laser Interferometry: LENSTAR LS900 Instrument
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD; H. John Shammas, MD; and Jaime Aramberri, MD
Chapter 13. Corneal Power: Diopters Versus Radius
Wolfgang Haigis, MS, PhD
Chapter 14. Corneal Power: Manual Keratometry and Instrumentation
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 15. Automated Keratometry for IOL Power Calculation
Jaime Aramberri, MD
Chapter 16. Corneal Power: Corneal Topography for IOL Power Calculation
Jaime Aramberri, MD
Chapter 17. Corneal Power: Measuring Corneal Power With the Pentacam
Giacomo Savini, MD
Chapter 18. IOL Position: ACD and ELP
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 19. IOL Position: Measuring the ACD by Optical Pachymetry
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 20. IOL Position: Double-AL Method for Scleral Buckle Eyes
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Section II: Formulas and Special Circumstances
Chapter 21. Section II: Introduction
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 22. Formulas and Programs: Formula History and Basics
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 23. Formulas and Programs: Regression and Theoretic Formulas
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 24. Formulas and Programs: Olsen Formula
Thomas Olsen, MD
Chapter 25. Formulas and Programs: Accessing Modern IOL Power Formulas
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 26. Formulas and Programs: Formula Personalization
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 27. Special Circumstances: AL Measurement in Staphyloma Eyes
H. John Shammas, MD
Chapter 28. Special Circumstances: Silicone Oil–Filled Eyes
Wolfgang Haigis, MS, PhD
Chapter 29. Special Circumstances: Unilateral High Myopes and Hyperopes
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 30. Special Circumstances: Penetrating Keratoplasty and Scarred Corneas
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 31. Special Circumstances: Radial Keratotomy Eyes
Giacomo Savini MD
Chapter 32. Special Circumstances: Post-Laser Refractive Surgery Eyes
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 33. Special Circumstances: Haigis-L IOL formula
Wolfgang Haigis, MS, PhD
Chapter 34. Special Circumstances: Double-K Method
Jaime Aramberri, MD
Chapter 35. Special Circumstances: Influence of Spherical Aberration on IOL Power
Sverker Norrby, PhD
Chapter 36. Special Circumstances: Multifocals and Toric IOLs
John Moran, MD, PhD
Chapter 37. Special Circumstances: Pediatric Eyes
Scott K. McClatchey, CAPT, MC, USN, MD
Chapter 38. Special Circumstances: Piggyback IOLs
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 39. Special Circumstances: Silicone Oil Power
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 40. Special Circumstances: Effect of IOL Tilt on Astigmatism
Susana Marcos, PhD, FOSA, FEOS
Chapter 41. Special Circumstances: Aniseikonia and Anisometropia
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 42. Preventing IOL Power Errors
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 43. Diagnosing and Treating IOL Power Errors
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD
Chapter 44. Future Directions in IOL Power Calculation: Intraoperative Refractive Biometry
Tsontcho [Sean] Ianchulev, MD, MPH
Appendix A: IOL Power Club
Financial Disclosures
Index
Biography
Kenneth J. Hoffer, MD was born in New York City; grew up in Upstate NY; and received his education at Siena College, Loudonville, NY, SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, NY, UCLA Santa Monica Hospital, and Wayne State University Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, MI. He immediately set up practice in Santa Monica, CA in July 1972.
His interest in cataract surgery began early in his clinical career by beginning phacoemulsification after his first two months of practice, and IOL implantation two years later in 1974. Being in an extremely competitive environment, and to create superior patient outcomes, it stimulated him to introduce ultrasound axial length IOL power calculation. He created the American Intra-Ocular Implant Society (now ASCRS) and founded the Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery (previously AIOISJ). He wrote his original Hoffer formula in 1974 and, based on a pachymetry study in 1982, proposed the first prediction of ELP based on the eye’s axial length. The Hoffer Q formula followed in 1993, using a tangent of K as an additional ELP predictor. To ease the calculation of formulas he first used early programmable calculators (HP- 65), and in 1993 produced the first program for IOL power calculation for personal computers (Hoffer Programs®). He also participated in the founding of the IOL Power Club in 2005 that has helped stimulate his interest in this subject.
After many years of teaching courses on the subject of IOL power at the Santa Monica Hospital IOL courses (2,800 surgeons attended over 10 years); at major meetings such as AAO, ASCRS, and ESCRS; performing research in this field; and publishing papers and book chapters, he was finally stimulated to write his first book on the subject to which he has devoted his professional career. This book is based primarily on the courses he has taught with the additional help of many friends in the field.
"IOL Power is a comprehensive work by an author who is able to make a relatively dry topic quite readable. There is consistent attention to topics that have clear clinical significance. Where the text soars is in its attention to the situations that do not occur on each operating day. It's the next best thing to having Dr. Hoffer available for a consultation."
-Paul J. Rychwalski, American Journal of Ophthalmology“The aim of the author of creating a resource for ophthalmologists who strive to increase the accuracy for all IOL calculations and overcoming the challenges that arise when treating complicated cases is achieved. It is an updated and easy-to-use clinical guide for optimizing the clinician procedures for IOL power calculations.”
- David P. Piñero, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
