CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Identity INTRODUCTION Reason for working - Reason for choosing 'identity' -References to identity Xl xii I. DEFINITIONS 3 II. FIRST APPROACH TO IDENTITY 4 Reciprocity- Continuum III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDENTITY 5 Twins- The course of development -somatic sensitivity- Identity organization- Time scale of ego and identity formation IV. EMPATHY 9 Sex differences in empathy formation - Empathy and burial or cremation wishes V. IDENTIFICATION WITH OTHERS 12 Child-parent identification - Friendship, courtship, and mating- Hatred and identification- Extreme emphasis on identity factors VI. IDENTITY AND GROUP MEMBERSHIP I 5 Group loyalties - Group prejudice - Laughter - Roots - Leadership - In-groups and out-groups - Reference groups - Morality - Identity change - Individuality and group - Individualism and collectivism Vll VII. FURTHER ASPECTS OF IDENTIFICATION 25 How are individuals identified?- Labels- Identification in families - Identity as an interpersonal phenomenon VDI. FURTHER CULTURAL FACTORS AND IDENTITY 30 Social role, status, and class- Some peer culture phenomena- Nationalism IX. IDENTITY CONTINUITY, COHERENCE, AND FLEXIBILITY 34 Some ethnological considerations - Personality integration - Identity strength - Formalized ways of accepting temporary breaks in identity - Promotion of identity strength - Prevention of excessive strain on identity formation X. HIERARCHY OF IDENTITIES 38 Multiple identities - Hierarchy of identities - Basic plot - Style of identity XI. UNUSUAL FORMS OF IDENTITY 42 Change of identity- Migration - 'Family romance' XII. MORE EXTREME FORMS OF IDENTITY FORMATION 45 Social conventions permitting changes of identity -Specific sources of strain -Special position of some individuals and whole groups- Double personalityDisturbances of identity XIII. IDENTITY BREAKDOWN Depersonalization - Attitudes to death XIV. MENTAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
Biography
Kenneth Soddy
