1st Edition
Image Encryption A Communication Perspective
Presenting encryption algorithms with diverse characteristics, Image Encryption: A Communication Perspective examines image encryption algorithms for the purpose of secure wireless communication. It considers two directions for image encryption: permutation-based approaches and substitution-based approaches.
Covering the spectrum of image encryption principles and techniques, the book compares image encryption with permutation- and diffusion-based approaches. It explores number theory-based encryption algorithms such as the Data Encryption Standard, the Advanced Encryption Standard, and the RC6 algorithms. It not only details the strength of various encryption algorithms, but also describes their ability to work within the limitations of wireless communication systems.
Since some ciphers were not designed for image encryption, the book explains how to modify these ciphers to work for image encryption. It also provides instruction on how to search for other approaches suitable for this task. To make this work comprehensive, the authors explore communication concepts concentrating on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system and present a simplified model for the OFDM communication system with its different implementations.
Complete with simulation experiments and MATLAB® codes for most of the simulation experiments, this book will help you gain the understanding required to select the encryption method that best fulfills your application requirements.
Introduction
Fundamentals of Image Encryption
Introduction
Basic Concepts of Cryptography
Goals of Cryptography
Principles of Encryption
Classification of Encryption Algorithms
Classification According to Encryption Structure
Classification According to Keys
Classification According to Percentage of Encrypted Data
Cryptanalysis
Features of Image Encryption Schemes
Conventional Symmetric Block Ciphers
Data Encryption Standard
Double DES
Triple DES
International Data Encryption Algorithm
Blowfish
RC5 Algorithm
RC5 Encryption Algorithm
RC5 Decryption Algorithm
RC5 Key Expansion
RC6 Algorithm
RC6 Encryption Algorithm
RC6 Decryption Algorithm
The Advanced Encryption Standard
Modes of Operation
The ECB Mode
The CBC Mode
The CFB Mode
The OFB Mode
Chaos and Cryptography
The 2D Chaotic Baker Map
Encryption Evaluation Metrics
Introduction
Encryption Evaluation Metrics
Histogram Deviation
Correlation Coefficient
Irregular Deviation
Histogram Uniformity
Deviation from Ideality
Avalanche Effect
NPCR and UACI
Other Tests
Noise Immunity
The Processing Time
Testing the Evaluation Metrics
Summary
Homomorphic Image Encryption
Overview
Homomorphic Cryptosystem
Security Analysis and Test Results
Statistical Analysis
Histograms of Encrypted Images
Encryption Quality Measurements
Key Space Analysis
Exhaustive Key Search
Key Sensitivity Test
Differential Analysis
Effect of Noise
Summary
Chaotic Image Encryption with Different Modes of Operation
Overview
Chaotic Encryption with Modes of Operation
Implementation Issues
Simulation Examples and Discussion
Summary
Diffusion Mechanism for Data Encryption in the ECB Mode
Introduction
The Preprocessing Network
The Addition Part
The SPN
Implementation Issues
Effect of the Normalized Block Size on Diffusion
Effect of the Normalized Block Size on Block Dependency
Simulation Examples
Encryption Quality
Diffusion
Encryption of Images with Few Details
Summary
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Introduction
Basic Principles of OFDM
Orthogonality
Frequency Domain Orthogonality
OFDM System Model
FFT-OFDM
DCT-OFDM
DWT–OFDM
Discrete Wavelet Transform
Implementation of the DWT
Haar Wavelet Transform
Guard Interval Insertion
Communication Channels
Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel
Fading Channel
Channel Estimation and Equalization
OFDM Limitations
Introduction
Analysis of Intercarrier Interference
CFO in FFT-OFDM System Model
CFO in DCT-OFDM System Model
CFO in DWT-OFDM System Model
CFO Compensation
Simulation Parameters
Effect of PAPR
PAPR Reduction Methods
The Clipping Method
The Companding Method
The Hybrid Clipping-and-Companding Method
Simulation Experiments of PAPR Reduction Methods
Sampling Clock Offset
System Model
Simulation Examples
Simulation Parameters
Simulation Experiments in the Presence of CFO
Simulation Experiments for Enhanced Algorithms
Simulation Experiments of PAPR Reduction Methods
Summary
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Index
Biography
Fathi E. Abd El-Samie received the BSc(Honors), MSc, and PhD degrees from Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt, in 1998, 2001, and 2005, respectively. Since 2005, he has been a teaching staff member with the Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University. He is currently a researcher at KACST-TIC in Radio Frequency and Photonics for the e-Society (RFTONICs). He is a co-author of about 200 papers in international conference proceedings and journals and four textbooks. His current research interests include image enhancement, image restoration, image interpolation, superresolution reconstruction of images, data hiding, multimedia communications, medical image processing, optical signal processing, and digital communications.
Dr. Abd El-Samie was a recipient of the Most Cited Paper Award from the Digital Signal Processing journal in 2008.
Hossam Eldin H. Ahmed received a BSC(Honors) in nuclear engineering in June 1969 (Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt); an MSc in microelectronic electron diffraction in April 1977 (Nuclear Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University); and a PhD in June 1983 (High Institute of Electronic and Optics, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France). From 1970 to 1977, he was in the Egyptian marine forces. He was a demonstrator in 1977, teaching lectures and staff members with the Department of Electronic and Electrical Communications, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Menoufia University. In 1993, he became a professor of microelectronics, VLSI design technology, communication systems, and computer networks. From 1993 until 1999, he was vice dean for education and student affairs at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering. In 2001, he became a chairman of the Electronics and Electrical Communications Department. He is a member of the Menoufia periodic electronic faculty jou