1st Edition
Introduction to Sensors for Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
1 Measurement basics
1.1 General properties
1.2 Static properties
1.3 Dynamic properties
1.4 Uncertainty of measurement
2 Circuits for sensors
2.1 Voltage signal
2.2 Current signal
2.3 Bridge circuits
2.4 Difference amplifier
2.5 Instrumentation Amplifier
3 Temperature - contact
3.1 Resistive temperature detectors (RTD)
3.2 Thermistors
3.3 Circuits for RTD´s
3.4 Thermocouples
3.5 Temperature sensor placement
4 Temperature - non contact
4.1 Absorption in atmosphere and in materials
4.2 Materials for IR optics
4.3 Monochromatic pyrometers
4.4 Total radiation pyrometers
4.5 IR thermometers
4.6 Principles of correct use of IR thermometers
5 Force
5.1 Metallic strain gauges
5.2 Semiconductor strain gauges
5.3 Circuits for strain gauges
5.4 Strain gauge placement
5.5 Load cells and example applications
6 Torque
6.1 Torque dynamometer
6.2 Electronic torque sensors
7 Position
7.1 Resistive sensor
7.2 Inductive sensors
7.3 Capacitive sensors
7.4 Magnetic (Hall) sensors
7.5 Optical sensors
7.6 Incremental rotary encoders (IRC)
7.7 Absolute rotary encoders
7.8 Microwave position sensor (radar)
7.9 Interferometers
7.10 Proximity sensors
8 Speed and RPM
8.1 Electromagnetic - tachodynamo
8.2 Optoelectronic speed sensor
8.3 Inductive speed sensor
8.4 Hall speed sensor
8.5 Stroboscope
9 Acceleration
9.1 Piezoelectric acceleration sensor
9.2 Piezoresistive acceleration sensor
9.3 Acceleration sensors with measured displacement - general principle
9.4 Capacitive accelerometer
9.5 Optical accelerometer
10 Pressure
10.1 Calibration pressure gauges
10.2 Deformation manometers
10.3 Bolometric vacuum meter - PIRANI
10.4 Ionization pressure sensor
10.5 Placement of pressure sensors
11 Humidity
11.1 Dew-point hygrometer
11.2 Psychrometer
11.3 Hygrometer with dry electrolyte
12 Flow
12.1 Restriction flow meters
12.2 Rotameter
12.3 Turbine flowmeter
12.4 Wire anemometer
12.5 Ultrasonic flowmeter
12.6 Electromagnetic flowmeter
12.7 Coriolis flowmeter
13 Liquid level
13.1 Visual liquid level meter
13.2 Float
13.3 Hydro-static sensor
13.4 Bubbler
13.5 Electrical conductivity level sensor
13.6 Thermal conductivity level sensor
13.7 Radioisotope liquid level meter
13.8 Capacitive liquid level sensing
13.9 Ultrasonic liquid level meter
13.10 Radar liquid level meter
13.11 Vibrating level switches
14 Example labs
14.1 Temperature-contact - thermocouples
14.2 Temperature- non-contact - emissivity
14.3 Position - LVDT
14.3.1 Introduction
14.4 Position - proximity sensors - influence of material
14.5 Position - linear displacement sensors
References
Other recommended literature
Appendix
A Pt100, DIN/EN/IEC 60751, α = 0.00385
B Pt100, α = 0.00392
C Pt500
D Pt1000
E Ni120
F Cu10
G Thermocouple type J
H Thermocouple type K
I Thermocouple type T
J Thermocouple type E
K Thermocouple type R
L Thermocouple type S
M Material emissivity tables
Index
Biography
Martin Novák presently works as a Professor at the Czech Technical University in Prague.
