Local Positioning Systems
LBS Applications and Services
Preview
Book Description
Local Positioning Systems: LBS Applications and Services explores the possible approaches and technologies to location problems including people and asset tracking, mobile resource management, public safety, and handset location-based services. The book examines several indoor positioning systems, providing detailed case studies of existing applications and their requirements, and shows how to set them up. Other chapters are dedicated to position computation algorithms using different signal metrics and determination methods, 2D/3D indoor map data and location models, indoor navigation, system components and how they work, privacy, deployment issues, and standards. In detail, the book explains the steps for deploying a location-enabled network, including doing a site-survey, creating a positioning model and floor maps, and access point placement and configuration. Also presented is a classification for network-based and ad-hoc positioning systems, and a framework for developing indoor LBS services.
This comprehensive guide will be invaluable to students and lecturers in the area of wireless computing. It will also be an enabling resource to developers and researchers seeking to expand their knowledge in this field.
Table of Contents
The Three L’s: Location, Location, Location
Application Examples and Use Cases
People/Asset Management and Tracking
Health Care and Mobile Patient Monitoring
Security
Emergencies
Location-Based Network Access/Security
Games
Retail and Shopping
Retail, Advertisement, and Marketing
Retail and Postanalysis of Shopping Behavior
Tour Guides
Other
Preconditions and Frameworks for LBS Development
Preconditions (LBS Market and Development)
A Framework for Developing Indoor Location-Based Services
Four Dimensions of Development
Three Steps to Location Service Development
Infrastructure
The Infrastructure Components
The Software Infrastructure
Communication Infrastructure
Example: Crickets in the MIT Facilities Environment
Positioning Infrastructure
Sensor Systems for Indoor Position Computation
Positioning Systems and Algorithms
Positioning Algorithms
Position Estimation Algorithms
Location Awareness and Navigation in Location-Based Systems
Indoor Data
Sources for Location Data
Two-Dimensional vs. Three-Dimensional
Spatial Reference Systems
Network Path Planning
Geocoding
Ontology
Referencing Algorithms
Expressing World Models
Spatial Database Systems
Navigation Algorithms
Map-Matching Algorithms
Conclusion
Existing Indoor Location Systems: How They Work
Featured Indoor Location Positioning Systems
Ekahau Positioning System
Intel Place Lab and Skyhook WPS
Microsoft Research Radar
Rosum TV
AeroScout
BLIP Systems
Modeling Location
Mobile Location Protocol
OGC Languages: SensorML, GML, Etc.
Nexus Augmented World Modeling Language and Augmented World Query Language
Navigation Modeling Languages
Service Deployment
Step 1: Site Survey
Step 2: Create a Positioning Model
Step 3: Calibrate the Positioning Model/Signal Map (Training)
Step 4: Access Point Placement and Configuration
Step 5: Tracking
Step 6: Maintenance (Periodic Accuracy Test)
Using the Ekahau Positioning System
Using MIT Cricket
Using Place Lab
References
Privacy Concerns and Methods for Safeguarding Privacy
Constraints
Connection-Level Privacy: Location–Identifier Split
Service-Level Privacy: Identifiers as a Privacy Problem
Application-Level Privacy: Visualization of Privacy
Development and Deployment of Indoor Location-Based Services
Trilateration
Location Fingerprinting
Potential Issues When Deploying a Wi-Fi-Based Positioning System
Integrating Different Systems
Developing the Location Database
Creating the Software Infrastructure
Questions to Ask When Selecting Application Servers
The Application Data Flow
Personalization
Using Filters in Servlets
Content Comparison and Equivalence
Temporal Context
Interval Operators
Composite/Sequence Pattern Operators
Syntax Examples
Interfaces to External Services
Standards
Interoperability and the Role of Standardization
Standards Frameworks
OMA Location Working Group
The Success of Standards: Adoption
Index
Reviews
“Local Positioning Systems is a groundbreaking book to support researchers and practitioners in location and tracking based services. The book is particularly impressive in the coverage of emerging indoor location based services that many observers claim to be a fast growing market (after all, we spend much of our time indoors). Congratulations to the authors on a job well done.”
--Antonio S. Camara, CEO, YDreams
”This book provides an excellent overview of some of the different technologies that can be used to provide positioning solutions in support of location based services….This book will serve as good reference material for anyone interested in learning about opportunities and pitfalls in the development and deployment of in-door positioning systems for LBS”
--Alison Brown, PhD, President/CEO NAVSYS Corporation
“This descriptive, all-encompassing book is a must for anyone wanting to understand location-based services from infrastructure components to service deployment. The technologies and problems associated with LBS are described at length. The approach is non-technical and the author succeeds in explaining all concepts with hardly any formulas. The chapters are loaded with examples to illustrate past and current attempts to develop and deploy LBS both outdoor and indoor. The broad experience of the author with LBS is apparent at every page. In an attempt to be descriptive, the author omits to describe requirements and system specifications and performance.”
-- Gerard Lachapelle, CRC/iCORE Chair in Wireless Location Dept of Geomatics Eng, University of Calgary
“It is relatively jargon free which is a positive…Those readers with passing familiarity with sensors, engineering, radio, statistics, college level math and networks should have no trouble understanding the material…well organized and easy to follow. It leads the reader through a lot of material at the proper depth of a primer… provides sufficient depth and information for a semi-technical person to make informed decisions about the technology…Comprehensive…Good depiction of various signal processing techniques for resolving position and location…Graphics and especially signal propagation graphics will help the reader understand limitations and environments that will cause issues…The mapping/fingerprinting section is excellent… Map-matching sections and explanation of geometric is very strong…Explanation of models and data is excellent and appropriate.”
--comments from John Dmohowski
”When I began research about LBS several years ago, I found there was no book or survey paper that offered a quick overview of local positioning systems. This excellent work solves this problem. This book introduces several case studies, showing the details on how they are set up. Especially valuable is its detailed coverage concerning the infrastructure of building a LBS system. The most awesome thing is that this is the first book that clearly discusses how to deploy a LBS system. In summary, this is an excellent reference book for any researchers and engineers interested in developing a local positioning system.”
--Changsong Shen, University of British Columbia