Longitudinal Train Dynamics Fundamentals and Applications

About the author

Series ed preface

Preface

Acknowledgement

Declaration: use of authors’ previous publications

Chapter 1 Introduction

• 1.1. Definition of Longitudinal Train Dynamics
• 1.2. Major components in an LTD model
• 1.3. Significance of LTD studies
• 1.4. Structure of the book

Chapter 2. In-train forces

• 2.1. Typical coupling systems
• 2.2. Considerations for in-train force modelling
• 2.3. Draft gear models in literature
• 2.4. Look-up table draft gear models
• 2.5. Wedge-spring friction draft gear model
• 2.6. Modelling polymer draft gears
• 2.7. Summary

Chapter 3. Air brake forces

• 3.1. Typical features of modern air brake systems
• 3.2. Air brake models in literature
• 3.3. An empirical air brake model
• 3.4. A detailed fluid dynamic air bake model
• 3.5. Real-time fluid dynamics air brake simulations
• 3.6. Brake rigging models and conversion to brake forces
• 3.7. Summary

Chapter 4 Traction and dynamic brake forces

• 4.1. Traction and DB models in literature
• 4.2. Derivations of traction and DB characteristics
• 4.3. Model based on look-up tables
• 4.4. Traction model incorporating wheel-rail adhesion
• 4.5. Summary

Chapter 5 Resistance and gradient forces

• 5.1. Resistance formulas in literature
• 5.2. Numerical assessments of rolling friction and curving resistance
• 5.3. Numerical assessments of air drag/ resistance
• 5.4. Calibrating Davis equation
• 5.5. Gradient forces
• 5.6. Summary

Chapter 6 Train driving inputs

• 6.1. Train driving algorithms in literature
• 6.2. Prescriptive driving inputs
• 6.3. Knowledge based virtual driver
• 6.4. Fuzzy based virtual driver
• 6.5. PID based virtual driver
• 6.6. MPC based virtual driver
• 6.7. Dynamic programming-based speed profile generator
• 6.8. Consensus-based path tracking controller
• 6.9. Summary

Chapter 7. Coordinate System and Numerical Solvers

• 7.1. Data types and truncation errors
• 7.2. Coordinate systems
• 7.3. Numerical Solvers and Step-Size Selection
• 7.4. Implementation of numerical solvers
• 7.5. Summary

Chapter 8. Parallel computing and co-simulation techniques

• 8.1. Basics for parallel computing and co-simulation
• 8.2. Parallelising the simulations LTD force elements
• 8.3. Parallelising the simulations of individual vehicles
• 8.4. Co-simulation for braking dynamics
• 8.5. Parallel co-simulation for traction dynamics
• 8.6. Summary

Chapter 9. Train make-up assessments

• 9.1. Train Make-Up Recommendations and Rules
• 9.2. Distributed Power Trains
• 9.3. Wagon Pack Sizes
• 9.4. Intermodal Trains
• 9.5. Summary

Chapter 10. Starting dynamics

• 10.1 Starting on flat track
• 10.2. Starting on uphill gradients
• 10.3. Starting with locomotive wheel-slip
• Summary

Chapter 11. Train driving strategy design and assessment

• 11.1. Traction/DB Synchronized/Asynchronized
• 11.2. Braking process optimisation
• 11.3. Next generation of train driving
• 11.4. Summary

Chapter 12. Braking dynamics

• 12.1 Brake blending
• 12.2 Train stopping brake
• 12.3. Brake distance map
• 12.4. Brake temperature issues
• 12.5. Summary

Chapter 13 Train Indexer Simulations

• 13.1. Train modelling
• 13.2. Starting resistance
• 13.3. Indexer modelling
• 13.4. In-train force assessments
• 13.5. Coupler fatigue damage assessment
• 13.6. Summary

Chapter 14. Train energy simulations

• 14.1. Zero-emission traction options
• 14.2. Energy Components and drive line efficiencies
• 14.3. Simulation of energy components
• 14.4. Zero-Emission Train Energy Simulations
• 14.5. Summary

Chapter 15. Draft gear design optimisation

• 15.1. Motivation for draft gear design optimisations
• 15.2. Draft gear and LTD simulation information
• 15.3. Coupler fatigue damage calculations
• 15.4. Draft gear optimisation method
• 15.5. Case studies of optimisation
• 15.6. Summary

Chapter 16 Vehicle stability and wheel-rail damage assessment

• 16.1 How LTD influences vehicle stability
• 16.2 How LTD influences wheel-rail damage
• 16.3. Stability assessment
• 16.4. Wheel-rail damage assessment
• 16.5. Summary

Chapter 17 Physics-based and AI-powered digital twin

• 17.1. Digital twin basics
• 17.2. Physics-based digital twin for locomotive design assessment
• 17.3. Physics-based digital twin for rail damage prediction
• 17.4. AI-powered digital twin for rail damage prediction
• 17.5. AI-powered digital twin for safer train driving
• 17.6. Summary

Chapter 18- Concluding remarks

Biography

Qing Wu is a Principal Research Fellow and the Mechanical Discipline Leader at the Centre for Railway Engineering, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia. He commenced his railway studies in 2006 at Southwest Jiaotong University, China, and received his PhD in draft gear optimisation from CQUniversity in 2016. His research focuses on mechanical system dynamics, parallel computing, multi-objective optimisation, dynamic control, and their applications in railway vehicles, trains, and track systems. Dr Wu has led and contributed as Chief Investigator to projects across national competitive grants, state competitive grants, industry research grants, and consultancy programs. He is the recipient of an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship and an Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowship, funded by the Australian and Queensland Governments, respectively. He has authored more than 240 scientific publications. In addition, he serves on the editorial boards of more than half a dozen academic journals. He is also a Chartered Professional Engineer and holds both RPEQ and RPEV registration in Australia.

Colin Cole is Professor of Engineering and Director of the Centre for Railway Engineering at Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia. He has worked in the Australian rail industry since 1984, starting with six years in mechanized track maintenance for Queensland Railways. Since then, he has focused on a research and consulting career involving work on track maintenance, train and wagon dynamics, train control technologies and the development of onboard devices. He has been extensively engaged with industry via the past nationally funded rail CRC programs and the Australasian Centre for Rail Innovation. His PhD was in longitudinal train dynamics modelling. He has authored and/or co-authored over 300 technical papers, three books, numerous commercial research and consulting reports and has developed two patents relating to in-cabin locomotive technologies. He has continued to develop railway and road-specific modelling and software tools with a focus on traction, vehicle stability and energy consumption. Prof. Cole is a Chartered Professional Engineer and RPEQ in Australia.