3rd Edition
Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators: Water Treatment Operations Math Concepts and Calculations
To properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass the examination for a waterworks/wastewater operator’s license, it is necessary to know how to perform certain calculations. All operators, at all levels of licensure, need a basic understanding of arithmetic and problem-solving techniques to solve the problems they typically encounter in the workplace.
Hailed on its first publication as a masterly account written in an engaging, highly readable, user-friendly style, the fully updated Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators: Water Treatment Operations covers all the necessary computations used in water treatment today. It presents math operations that progressively advance to higher, more practical applications, including math operations that operators at the highest level of licensure would be expected to know and perform.
Features:
• Provides a strong foundation based on theoretical math concepts, which it then applies to solving practical problems for both water and wastewater operations.
• Updated throughout and with several new practical problems added.
• Provides illustrative examples for commonly used waterworks and wastewater treatment operations covering unit process operations found in today’s treatment facilities.
1. Pumping Calculations. 1.1. Pumping. 1.2. Basic Water Hydraulics Calculations. 1.3. Basic Pumping Calculations. 1.4. Positive Displacement Pumps. 2. Water Source & Storage Calculations. 2.1. Water Sources. 2.2. Water Source Calculations. 2.3. Water Storage. 2.4. Water Storage Calculations. 2.5. Copper Sulfate Dosing. 2.6. Permanganate Dosage. 2.7. The 411 on Iron and Manganese Removal. 3. Coagulation & Flocculation Calculations. 3.1. Coagulation. 3.2. Flocculation. 3.3. Coagulation & Flocculation Calculations. 3.4. Coagulation and Flocculation Practice Problems. 3.5. Chemical Feeders. 3.6. Chemical Feeder Calculations. 4. Sedimentation Calculations. 4.1. Sedimentation. 4.2. Tank Volume Calculations. 4.3. Detention Time (DT). 4.4. Surface Overflow Rate (SOR). 4.5. Mean Flow Velocity. 4.6. Weir Loading Rate (Weir Overflow Rate; WOR). 4.7. Percent Settled Biosolids. 4.8. Determining Lime Dosage (mg/L). 4.9. Determining Lime Dosage (lbs/day). 4.10. Determining Lime Dosage (g/min). 4.11. Sedimentation Practice Problems. 5. Filtration Calculations. 5.1. Water Filtration. 5.2. Flow Rate Through a Filter, gpm. 5.3. Filtration Rate. 5.4. Unit Filter Run Volume (UFRV). 5.5. Backwash Rate. 5.6. Volume of Backwash Water, gal. 5.7. Required Depth of Backwash Water Tank, ft. 5.8. Backwash Pumping Rate, gpm. 5.9. Percent Product Water Used for Backwashing. 5.10. Percent Mud Ball Volume. 5.11. Filter Bed Expansion. 5.12. Filter Loading Rate. 5.13. Filter Medium Size. 5.14. Mixed Media. 5.15. Head Loss for Fixed Bed Flow. 5.16. Head Loss through a Fluidized bed. 5.17. Horizontal Washwater Troughs. 5.18. Filter Efficiency. 5.19. Water Filtration Practice Problems. 6. Water Chlorination Calculations. 6.1. Chlorine Disinfection. 6.2. Determining Chlorine Dosage (Feed Rate). 6.3. Calculating Chlorine Dose, Demand & Residual. 6.4. Breakpoint Chlorination Calculations. 6.5. Calculating Dry Hypochlorite Feed Rate. 6.6. Calculating Hypochlorite Solution Feed Rate. 6.7. Calculating Percent Strength of Solutions. 6.8. Chemical Use Calculations. 6.9. Chlorination Math Practice Problems. 7. Fluoridation. 7.1. Water Fluoridation. 7.2. Fluoride Compounds. 7.3. Optimal Fluoride Levels. 7.4. Fluoridation Process Calculations. 8. Water Softening. 8.1. Water Hardness. 8.2. Alkalinity Determination. 8.3. Determining Bicarbonate, Carbonate & Hydroxide Alkalinity.
8.4. Lime Dosage Calculation for Removal of Carbonate Hardness. 8.5. Calculation for Removal of Noncarbonate Hardness 8.6. Recarbonation Calculation. 8.7. Calculating Feed Rates. 8.8. Ion Exchange Capacity. 8.9. Water Treatment Capacity. 8.10. Treatment Time Calculation (Until Regeneration Required). 8.11. Salt & Brine Required for Regeneration. 9. Water Treatment Practice Calculations.
Biography
Frank R. Spellman is a retired assistant professor of environmental health at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, and the author of more than 160 books covering topics ranging from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) to all areas of environmental science and occupational health. He consults on homeland security vulnerability assessments for critical infrastructures, including water/wastewater facilities, and conducts audits for Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Environmental Protection Agency inspections throughout the country. Dr. Spellman lectures on sewage treatment, water treatment, and homeland security, as well as on safety topics, throughout the country and teaches water/wastewater operator short courses at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg.
