The term ‘memory’ encompasses our recollections of past experiences, our ability to keep track of what is happening from moment to moment, our stored knowledge, including knowledge of words and their meanings, our habits, our recognition of objects and faces, and our ability to remember to do things in the future. As such, an understanding of memory is central to an understanding of human behaviour. Memory supports our ability to speak and decode language, to find our way around, to make rational decisions, and to function successfully in society. Moreover, memory of past life-events contributes to our unique individual personalities.
Memory research has a long and important history within psychology and it continues to have fascinating everyday applications. Memory research has also helped us to understand the effects of brain damage, and has also been used to predict scholastic achievement and language development. However, memory has become such a broad field of study and research that it is extremely hard to keep up to date with new developments. The sheer scale of the growth in memory research output—and the breadth of the field—makes this new collection from Psychology Press especially timely and welcome. It will enable ready access to the most influential and important works across the full gamut of the discipline, encouraging a broader appreciation of the field and mutual influences within it.
Edited by a leading memory researcher, the four volumes in this collection—on the structure of memory, memory processes (including theories of forgetting), working memory, and the constraints on memory—bring together carefully selected key historical papers along with cutting-edge research. The organization of the collection, broadly by research domain, together with the editor’s newly written Introduction, will enable users to make sense of the wide range of approaches, theories, and concepts that have informed memory research to date. It is an essential reference work destined to be valued as a vital research resource by all scholars and students of the subject.
VOLUME I: STRUCTURE OF MEMORY
Part 1: Molecular Processes in Memory
1. Donald O. Hebb, ‘The First Stage of Perception: Growth of the Assembly’, The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1949), pp. 60–78.
2. Eric R. Kandel, ‘The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses’, Science, 294, 5544, 2000, pp. 1030–8.
3. T. V. P. Bliss and G. L. Collingridge. ‘A Synaptic Model of Memory: Long-term Potentiation in the Hippocampus’, Nature, 361, 6407, 1993, pp. 31–9.
Part 2: Brain Systems
4. Larry R. Squire, ‘Memory and the Hippocampus: A Synthesis from Findings with Rats, Monkeys, and Humans’, Psychological Review, 99, 2, 1992, pp. 195–231.
5. Larry Cahill and James L. McGaugh, ‘Mechanisms of Emotional Arousal and Lasting Declarative Memory’, Trends in Neuroscience, 21, 1998, pp. 294–9.
6. John Jonides et al., ‘Spatial Working Memory in Humans as Revealed by PET’, Nature, 363, 1993, pp. 623–5.
7. Edward Awh et al. ‘Dissociation of Storage and Rehearsal in Verbal Working Memory: Evidence from Positron Emission Tomography’, Psychological Science, 7, 1996, pp. 25–31.
8. Mark D’Esposito et al., ‘The Neural Basis of the Central Executive System of Working Memory’, Nature, 378, 1995, pp. 279–81.
9. Richard L. Gregory, ‘The Brain as an Engineering Problem’, in W. H. Thorpe and O. L. Zangwill (eds.), Current Problems in Animal Behaviour (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961), pp. 307–30.
Part 3: Neuropsychology
10. William B. Scoville and Brenda Milner, ‘Loss of Recent Memory After Bilateral Hippocampal Lesions’, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 20, 1957, pp. 11–21.
11. Elizabeth K. Warrington and Tim Shallice, ‘The Selective Impairment of Auditory Verbal Short-Term Memory’, Brain, 92, 1969, pp. 885–96.
12. Elizabeth K. Warrington and Tim Shallice, ‘Category-specific Semantic Impairments’, Brain, 107, 1984, pp. 829–53.
13. Giuseppe Vallar and Alan D. Baddeley, ‘Fractionation of Working Memory: Neuropsychological Evidence for a Phonological Short-term Store’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 23, 1984, pp. 151–61.
14. Richard J. Hanley, Andrew W. Young and N. A. Pearson, ‘Impairment of the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad’, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43A, 1, 1991, pp. 101–25.
Part 4: Types of Memory
15. George Sperling, ‘The Information Available in Brief Visual Presentations’, Psychological Monographs, 74, 1960, pp. 1–29.
16. William James, ‘Memory’, The Principles of Psychology (London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd, 1890), vol. I, ch. XVI, pp. 605–49.
17. Endel Tulving, ‘How Many Memory Systems Are There?’, American Psychologist, 40, 4, 1985, pp. 385–98.
18. Neal. J. Cohen and Larry R. Squire, ‘Preserved Learning and Retention of Pattern-Analyzing Skill in Amnesia: Dissociation of Knowing How and Knowing What’, Science, 210, 1980, pp. 207–10.
19. Peter Graf, Larry R. Squire, and George Mandler, ‘The Information That Amnesic Patients Do Not Forget’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 1, 1984, pp. 164–78.
20. Bjorn H. Schott et al., ‘Redefining Implicit and Explicit Memory: The Functional Neuroanatomy of Priming, Remembering, and Control of Retrieval’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102, 4, 2005, pp. 1257–62.
21. Lia Kvavilashvili, ‘Remembering Intention as a Distinct Form of Memory’, British Journal of Psychology, 78, 1987, pp. 507–18.
VOLUME II: MEMORY PROCESSES
Part 5: Forgetting
22. Hiroshi Minami and Karl M. Dallenbach, ‘The Effect of Activity Upon Learning and Retention in the Cockroach’, American Journal of Psychology, 59, 1946, pp. 1–58.
23. John Brown, ‘Some Tests of the Decay Theory of Immediate Memory’, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 10, 1958, pp. 12–21.
24. Benton J. Underwood, ‘Interference and Forgetting’, Psychological Review, 64, 1, 1957, pp. 49–60.
25. Harry P. Bahrick, ‘Semantic Memory Content in Permastore: Fifty Years of Memory for Spanish Learned in School’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 1, 1984, pp. 1–29.
Part 6: Encoding
26. John D. Bransford and Marcia K. Johnson, ‘Contextual Prerequisites for Understanding: Some Investigations of Comprehension and Recall’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 1972, pp. 717–26.
27. Fergus I. Craik and Richard S. Lockhart, ‘Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 1972, pp. 671–84.
28. C. Donald Morris, John D. Bransford, and Jeffery J. Franks, ‘Levels of Processing Versus Transfer Appropriate Processing’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 1977, pp. 519–33.
29. Anthony D. Wagner et al., ‘Building Memories: Remembering and Forgetting of Verbal Experiences as Predicted by Brain Activity’, Science, 21, 1998, pp. 188–91.
Part 7: Storage
30. Fredrick C. Bartlett, ‘Experiments on Remembering: (b) The Method of Repeated Reproduction’, Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1932), pp. 63–94.
31. Allan M. Collins and Elizabeth F. Loftus, ‘A Spreading-Activation Theory of Semantic Processing’, Psychological Review, 82, 1975, pp. 407–28.
32. James L. McClelland and David E. Rumelhart, ‘Distributed Memory and the Representation of General and Specific Information’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 1985, pp. 159–88.
33. Donald Homa, Sharon Sterling, and Lawrence Trepel, ‘Limitations of Exemplar-Based Generalization and the Abstraction of Categorical Information’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 7, 1981, pp. 418–39.
34. Lawrence W. Barsalou, ‘Context-Independent and Context-Dependent Information in Concepts’, Memory & Cognition, 10, 1, 1982, pp. 82–93.
Part 8: Retrieval
35. David E. Meyer and Roger W. Schvaneveldt, ‘Facilitation in Recognizing Pairs of Words: Evidence of a Dependence Between Retrieval Operations’, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 90, 1971, pp. 227–35.
36. Duncan R. Godden and Alan D. Baddeley, ‘Context-Dependent Memory in Two Natural Environments: On Land and Under Water’, British Journal of Psychology, 66, 1975, pp. 325–31.
37. Geoffrey G. Lloyd and William A. Lishman, ‘Effect of Depression on the Speed of Recall of Pleasant and Unpleasant Experiences’, Psychological Medicine, 5, 1975, pp. 173–80.
38. Eric Eich, ‘Mood as a Mediator of Place Dependent Memory’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 4, 1995, pp. 293–308.
39. Endel Tulving and Donald M. Thomson, ‘Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory’, Psychological Review, 80, 1973, pp. 352–73
40. John M. Gardiner, ‘Functional Aspects of Recollective Experience’, Memory & Cognition, 16, 4, 1988, pp. 309–13.
Part 9: Serial Position Effects
41. Murray Glanzer and Anita R. Cunitz, ‘Two Storage Mechanisms in Free Recall’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 1966, pp. 351–60.
42. Arthur M. Glenberg and N. C. Swanson, ‘A Temporal Distinctiveness Theory of Recency and Modality Effects’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 1986, pp. 3–15.
43. Lydia Tan and Geoff Ward, ‘A Recency-Based Account of Primacy Effects in Free Recall’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 2000, pp. 1589–625.
VOLUME III: WORKING MEMORY
Part 10: Models of Short-Term and Working Memory
44. Nancy C. Waugh and Donald A. Norman, ‘Primary Memory’, Psychological Review, 72, 1965, pp. 89–104.
45. Richard C. Atkinson and Richard M. Shiffrin, ‘Human Memory: A Proposed System and Control Processes’, in K. W. Spence and J. D. Spence (eds.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, vol. 2 (New York: Academic Press, 1968).
46. Alan D. Baddeley and Graham J. Hitch, ‘Working Memory’, in G. Bower (ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (New York: Academic Press, 1974), pp. 47–89.
47. Marcel A. Just and Patricia A. Carpenter, ‘A Capacity Theory of Comprehension: Individual Differences in Working Memory’, Psychological Review, 99, 1, 1992, pp. 122–49.
48. Alan D. Baddeley, ‘The Episodic Buffer: A New Component of Working Memory?’, Trends in Cognitive Science, 4, 11, 2000, pp. 417–23.
Part 11: Features of Short-Term Memory
49. Alan D. Baddeley, ‘Short-Term Memory For Word Sequences as a Function of Acoustic, Semantic and Formal Similarity’, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 1966, pp. 362–5.
50. David J. Murray, ‘The Role of Speech Responses in Short-Term Memory’, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 21, 1967, pp. 263–76.
51. Pierre Salamé and Alan D. Baddeley, ‘Disruption of Short-Term Memory by Unattended Speech: Implications for the Structure of Working Memory’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 21, 1982, pp. 150–64.
52. Alan D. Baddeley, Neil Thomson, and Mary Buchanan, ‘Word Length and the Structure of Short-Term Memory’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 6, 1975, pp. 575–89.
Part 12: Quantitative Models of Verbal Short-Term Memory
53. Neil Burgess and Graham J. Hitch, ‘Memory for Serial Order: A Network Model of the Phonological Loop and its Timing’, Psychological Review, 106, 1999, pp. 551–81.
54. Mike P. A. Page and Dennis Norris, ‘The Primacy Model: A New Model of Immediate Serial Recall’, Psychological Review, 105, 4, 1998, pp. 761–81.
55. Gordon D. A. Brown, Tim Preece, and Charles Hulme, ‘Oscillator-Based Memory for Serial Order’, Psychological Review, 107, 1, 2000, pp. 127–81.
Part 13: Executive Control of Memory
56. Donald A. Norman and Tim Shallice, ‘Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior’, in R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, and D. Shapiro (eds.), Consciousness and Self-Regulation (New York: Plenum, 1986), pp. 1–18.
57. Alan D. Baddeley and Barbara A. Wilson, ‘Frontal Amnesia and Dysexecutive Syndrome’, Brain and Cognition, 7, 1988, pp. 212–30.
58. Alan D. Baddeley, ‘Exploring the Central Executive’, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49, 1, 1996, pp. 5–28.
59. Akira Miyake et al., ‘The Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions and Their Contribution to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis’, Cognitive Psychology, 40, 1, 2000, pp. 49–100.
60. Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic, ‘The Prefrontal Landscape: Implications of Functional Architecture for Understanding Human Mentation and the Central Executive’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 351, 1996, pp. 1445–53.
61. Jon May, ‘Specifying the Central Executive May Require Complexity’, in J. Andrade (ed.), Working Memory in Perspective (Hove: Psychology Press, 2001), pp. 261–77.
Part 14: The Role of Working Memory in Cognition
62. Randall W. Engle et al., ‘Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, and General Fluid Intelligence: A Latent-Variable Approach’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 3, 1999, pp. 309–31.
63. K. Anders Ericsson and Walter Kintsch, ‘Long-Term Working-Memory’, Psychological Review, 102, 2, 1995, pp. 211–45.
64. Meredyth Daneman and Patricia A. Carpenter, ‘Individual Differences in Working Memory and Reading’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 1980, pp. 450–66.
65. Alan D. Baddeley, Susan Gathercole, and Costanza Papagno, ‘The Phonological Loop as a Language Learning Device’, Psychological Review, 105, 1998, pp. 158–73.
66. Alan D. Baddeley and Jackie Andrade, ‘Working Memory and the Vividness of Imagery’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 1, 2000, pp. 126–45.
VOLUME IV: CONSTRAINTS ON MEMORY
Part 15: How Much Can People Remember?
67. Lionel G. Standing, Jerry Conezio, and Ralph N. Haber, ‘Perception and Memory for Pictures: Single-Trial Learning of 2500 Visual Stimuli’, Psychonomic Science, 19, 1970, pp. 73–4.
68. Thomas K. Landauer, ‘How Much Do People Remember? Some Estimates of the Quantity of Learned Information in Long-Term Memory’, Cognitive Science, 10, 1986, pp. 477–93.
69. George A. Miller, ‘The Magic Number Seven Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity to Process Information’, Psychological Review, 63, 1956, pp. 81–97.
70. K. Anders Ericsson, William G. Chase, and Steve Faloon, ‘Acquisition of a Memory Skill’, Science, 208, 1980, pp. 1181–2.
71. Nelson Cowan, ‘The Magical Number 4 in Short-Term Memory: A Reconsideration of Mental Storage Capacity’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 1, 2001, 87–114.
Part 16: Memory for Emotional Events
72. Roger Brown and James Kulik, ‘Flashbulb Memories’, Cognition, 5, 1977, pp. 73–99.
73. Sven A. Christianson, ‘Emotional Stress and Eye Witness Memory: A Critical Review’, Psychological Bulletin, 112, 2, 1992, pp. 284–309.
Part 17: Memory Across the Lifespan
74. Carolyn K. Rovée-Collier et al., ‘Reactivation of Infant Memory’, Science, 208, 1980, pp. 1159–61.
75. Mark L. Howe and Mary L. Courage, ‘On Resolving the Enigma of Infantile Amnesia’, Psychological Bulletin, 113, 1993, pp. 305–27.
76. Charles A. Nelson, ‘The Ontogeny of Human Memory: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective’, Developmental Psychology, 13, 5, 1995, pp. 723–38.
77. Martin A. Conway and Christopher W. Pleydell-Pearce, ‘The Construction of Autobiographical Memories in the Self-Memory System’, Psychological Review, 107, 2, 2000, pp. 261–88.
78. Fergus I. Craik and Joan M. McDowd, ‘Age Differences in Recall and Recognition’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 13, 3, 1987, pp. 474–9.
79. Alan J. Parkin and Brenda Walter, ‘Recollective Experience, Normal Aging, and Frontal Dysfunction’, Psychology and Aging, 7, 2, 1992, pp. 290–8.
Part 18: Implicit Memory for Unattended Information
80. Eric Eich, ‘Memory for Unattended Events: Remembering With and Without Awareness’, Memory & Cognition, 12, 2, 1984, pp. 105–11.
81. William R. Kunst-Wilson and Robert B. Zajonc, ‘Affective Discrimination of Stimuli That Cannot Be Recognised’, Science, 207, 1980, pp. 557–8.
82. Larry L. Jacoby, Jeffrey P. Toth, and Andrew P. Yonelinas, ‘A Process Dissociation Framework: Separating Automatic From Intentional Uses of Memory’, Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 1991, pp. 513–41.
83. Catherine Deeprose et al., ‘Unconscious Learning During Surgery With Propofol Anaesthesia’, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 92, 2, 2004, pp. 171–7.
84. Bruce Whittlesea and J. R. Price, ‘Implicit/Explicit Memory Versus Analytic/Nonanalytic Processing: Rethinking the Mere Exposure Effect’, Memory and Cognition, 29, 2001, pp. 234–46.
Part 19: Memory Distortion
85. Henry L. Roediger and Kathleen B. McDermott, ‘Creating False Memories: Remembering Words Not Presented in Lists’, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 4, 1995, 803–14.
86. Elizabeth F. Loftus and John C. Palmer, ‘Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: An Example of the Interaction Between Language and Memory’, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 1974, pp. 585–9.
87. Elizabeth F. Loftus, ‘The Reality of Repressed Memories’, American Psychologist , 48, 1993, pp. 518–37.
Biography
Jackie Andrade is a lecturer in the University of Sheffield’s Pyschology Department (which enjoys an excellent reputation for both teaching and research—it has received ‘excellent’ ratings (Grade 5A) in all five research assessment exercises held over the past two decades). Her research interests include: working memory; cognition and emotion, particularly the role of memory and imagery in craving and clinical disorders; learning during anaesthesia; implicit cognition following frontal brain injury; consciousness.
