1st Edition
Multinational Business and Transnational Regions A Transnational Business History of Energy Transition in the Rhine Region, 1945-1973
Introduction
Transnational economic regions: capturing an illusive phenomenon
Resurrecting the Rhine as an economic region
Energy transition in the Rhine region
Part I Regional transformation — Energy transition in the Rhine region
Chapter 1 The post-war reconstruction and the rise of oil, 1945-1951
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The question of energy in post-war Western Europe
1.3 The impact of the Allied occupation on the Ruhr coal industry
1.4 The Allied refining program: restarting the hydrogenation plants
1.5 The case of Union Kraftstoff
1.6 The geographical consequences of the Allied occupation
1.7 Conclusion
Chapter 2 Oil unbounded: The Coal Crisis of 1957-8
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The competition between coal and oil, 1950-1955
2.3 The rise of fuel oil and the 1958 coal crisis
2.4 Stemming the tide: attempts to limit the rise of fuel oil
2.5 Conclusion
Chapter 3 The growth of chemical clusters in the Rhine region, 1960-73
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Rhine-Ruhr refineries
3.3 Deutsche Shell and Union Kraftstoff, 1951-1958
3.4 The Rhineland refinery of Deutsche Shell
3.5 The post-war transition of the chemical industry
3.6 An oil and petrochemical cluster in the Rhine-Ruhr area
3.7 Effect of the transition on transport demand in the hinterland
3.8 Conclusions
Part II Regional connections — From Rhine to pipeline
Chapter 4 Pipelines: The national approach, 1955-6
4.1 Introduction
4.2 A pipeline to the Rhine-Ruhr area
4.3 Rotterdam competing with Wilhelmshaven
4.4 Wilhelmshaven: "the best deep water port in Europe"?
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5 The trans-European pipeline: The transnational approach: 1956-8
5.1 Introduction
5.2 From national to transnational: the trans-European pipeline plan
5.3 Further complications
5.4 France, oil and the Cold War
5.5 Endgame: The failure of the trans-European pipeline
5.6 Why the trans-European pipeline never materialised
5.7 Conclusion
Chapter 6 Expanding transnational connections, 1959-73
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The hydrocarbon hub: The Rotterdam port between 1950 and 1973
6.3 The expansion of the Rotterdam-Rhine pipeline, 1965-1968
6.4 The Rhine-Main pipeline, 1965-1971
6.5 Integrating chemical clusters in the Rhine basin, 1965-73
6.6 The Rotterdam-Antwerp pipeline, 1967-1969
6.7 Conclusion
Chapter 7 Transnational connections in the Rhine region: Evidence from transport flows
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Gateway to the Rhine? Rotterdam from transitopolis to industrial port
7.3 Oil flows in the Rhine region: The impact of pipelines
7.4 Transnational connections
7.5 Conclusion
Chapter 8 Conclusion
Biography
Marten Boon is Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of History at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
"A unique multi-national study in economic policy which breaks out of the national constraints of much business history work." –Kevin Tennent, University of York, UK
"This book will appeal to a range of readers interested in business, economic, and energy history, as well as those who wish to better understand the nuances and tensions of postwar Europe's infrastructural integration." - Nicholas Ostrum, EuropeNow
