Nanosensors Simulation, Fabrication, Sensitivity and Accuracy

Preface

About the Editors

Chapter 1: Nanosensors – Design and Development

B.V. Raghuvamsi Krishna

1.1 Evolution of Nanosensors
1.2 Design of nano-sensors
1.2.1 Piconewton Force Sensor
1.2.1.1 Design
1.2.1.2 Function and its work mechanism
1.2.2 Inkjet-printed thin-film sensor
1.2.3 Flexible sensors

Chapter 2: Fundamentals and Fabrication techniques of Nanosensors

Yeshwanth H Reddy, Ambika M. R., Nagaiah N.

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanomaterials for Nanosensor Fabrication
2.2.1 Classification of Nanomaterials Used in Nanosensors
2.2.2 Material Property-Performance Relationship
2.2.3 Functionalization and Surface Engineering
2.3 Fabrication Techniques
2.3.1 Bottom-Up Approaches
2.3.2 Top-Down Approaches
2.3.3 Hybrid and Emerging Fabrication Routes
2.3.4 Integration into Sensor Architectures

2.4 Scale-Up and Scale-Down in Nanosensor Fabrication
2.4.1 Scale-Down Considerations
2.4.2 Scale-Up Challenges
2.4.3 Approaches for Scalable Manufacturing
2.4.4 Case Studies of Industrially Scaled Nanosensor Components
2.4.5 Comparison of Fabrication techniques

2.5 Defect Formation and Defect-Healing Approaches
2.5.1 Origin of Defects in Nanomaterials and Devices
2.5.2 Impact of Defects on Nanosensor Performance
2.5.3 Defect Engineering Strategies
2.5.4 Defect-Healing Techniques
2.6 Environmental, Ethical, and Stability Considerations
2.6.1 Green Fabrication Approaches
2.6.2 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Nanosensor Materials
2.6.3 Safety Concerns in the Use of Nanomaterials
2.6.4 Durable and Sustainable Device Designs

2.7 Conclusion and Future Directions

Chapter 3: Investigation on Types and Properties of Functional Nanomaterials for the Development of Accurate and Reliable Nano sensors for Engineering Applications

Pradnya Sameer Deshpande, Jyothilakshmi R., Hemanth Kumar. K. J., N. Shanmugapriya

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fundamentals of Nanosensors Operation
3.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
3.3.1 Graphene
3.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
3.3.3 Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs)
3.4 Metallic Nanomaterials
3.4.1 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
3.4.2 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
3.4.3 Other Metals
3.4.4 Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials
3.4.5 Semiconductor Nanostructures
3.4.6 Polymeric Nanomaterials
3.4.7 Hybrid and Composite Nanomaterials
3.5. Surface Functionalization and Dispersion Stability
3.5.1 Objectives of Surface Functionalization
3.5.2 Covalent Functionalization Strategies
3.5.3 Non-Covalent and Physical Functionalization
3.5.4 Dispersion Stability and Agglomeration Dynamics
3.5.5 Influence on Sensor Performance
3.5.6 Advanced Functionalization for Selective Sensing
3.5.7 Long-Term Stability and Aging
3.5.8 Practical Considerations for Dispersion and Coating
3.6 Summary of Section
3.7. Fabrication and Integration Techniques
3.7.1 Top-Down Microfabrication Approach
3.7.2 Bottom-Up Assembly Approach
3. 8 Hybrid Top-Down/Bottom-Up Integration
3.8.1 Deposition Techniques
3.8.2 Integration and Packaging
3.9. Applications of Nanosensors
3.9.1 Biosensors
3.9.2 Gas Sensors
3.9.3 Optical and Thermal Sensors
3.9.4 Environmental and Industrial Sensors
3.10 Challenges and Future Prospects
3.10.1 Comparative Analysis Across Nanomaterial Classes
3.10.2 Quantitative Trends and Performance Correlations
3.10.3 Application-Specific Optimization
3.10.4 Challenges and Strategic Solutions for Nanosensor Commercialization
3.11 Conclusions

Chapter 4: Electrical Measurement Techniques Using Nanodevices for Smart Infusion Systems: A Systematic Review

J. V. Alamelu, A. Mythili, K. R. V. Subramanian, Niranjan Murthy

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Literature:
4.3 Nanodevices:
4.3.1 Nanosensors:
4.3.2 Nanoactuators:
4.3.3 Nano based Infusion unit:
4.3.4 Electrical Measurement Techniques:
4.3.5 Infusion Pump:
4.4 Artificial Pancreas systems – micro and nano scale:
4.4.1 The fabrication process flow for Artificial Pancreas:
4.5 Cancer Drug Delivery:
4.6 Future Directions:
4.7 Conclusion:

Chapter 5: Sensors and Internet of Things

Sara Mohan George, S. Raghuram

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Fundamentals of IoT: Architecture, Layers and the Central Role of Sensing
5.3. Sensor Types and Sensing Modalities in IoT Systems
5.4. Signal Conditioning, Noise and Data Acquisition
5.5. Wireless Communication and Connectivity Protocols
5.6. Energy Harvesting and Low-Power Sensing
5.7. Edge Computing, AI and Intelligent Sensing
5.8. Sensitivity, Accuracy, Calibration and Reliability
5.9. Applications of IoT Sensing Systems
5.10. Challenges, Emerging Trends and Future Directions
5.11. Conclusion

Chapter 6: Advancements In Abiotic Sensors For The Detection Of Pesticides: Unlocking The Role Of Metal Oxides As Sensing Agents

K. Venkata Ratnam, B. Kumara Swamy, H. Manjunatha, S. Janardhan

6.1 Introduction:
6.2 Classification Of Pesticides
6.3 Electrochemical Techniques For Pesticide Detection:
6.4 Different Metal Oxides For Chemically Modified Electrodes:
6.5 Challenges For Mos As Electrochemical Sensors In The Sensing Of Pesticides:
6.6 Metal Oxides/Mo-Based Nanocomposites For The Detection Of Pesticides:
6.7 Future Outlook And Conspectus:

Index

Biography

K. R. V. Subramanian received the Ph.D. degree from Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K., in 2006, specializing in nanotechnology. He is a Professor and HOD with the Mechanical Engineering Department and the Head of Research and Development at the Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India. He has over 30 years of academic and industrial experience and has published over 150 journal and conference papers, 17 patents, 5 textbooks authored. He has been a principal investigator for many government-funded research projects.

Dr Niranjan Murthy completed his PHd in heat transfer from JNTU, Hyderabad in the year 2013. He is an experienced Mechanical Engineering academician and researcher with 28 years of teaching and research experience in thermal engineering, jet impingement cooling, turbomachinery, and heat transfer systems. He has proven contributions in research, book authoring, lab modernization, conference coordination, and mentoring of engineering and PhD students. He possesses industry experience and strong expertise in experimental heat transfer and cooling methodologies for advanced engineering applications. He has published over 30 journal publications in international journals, 4 patents, 14 textbooks authored and also secured funded projects from AICTE.