1st Edition
Nineteenth-Century Gardens and Gardening Volume IV: Science: Applications
This volume is the fourth in a six volume collection that brings together primary sources on gardens and gardening across the long nineteenth-century. Economic expansion, empire, the growth of the middle classes and suburbia, the changing role of women and the professionalisation of gardening, alongside industrialisation and the development of leisure and mass markets were all elements that contributed to and were influenced by the evolution of gardens. It is a subject that is both global and multidisciplinary and this set provides the reader with a variety of ways in which to read gardens – through recognition of how they were conceived and experienced as they developed. Material is primarily derived from Britain, with Europe, USA, Australia, India, China and Japan also featuring, and sources include the gardening press, the broader press, government papers, book excerpts and some previously unpublished material.
Volume 4. Science: Applications
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
General Introduction
Introduction to Volume 4, 'Science: Applications'
Part 1. ‘Nature’s gardens’
a) Ecology
1. William Robinson, ‘Nature’s Gardens: Niagara’ (part 1)
2. Alexander Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland, Essay on the Geography of Plants (La Géographie des Plantes (excerpts)
3. Ecology and Chorology
3.1. Ernst Haeckel, 'Ecology and Chorology'
3.2. Edwin Lankester, The History of Creation…(excerpt)
4. Anne Pratt, ‘Dispersion of Seeds…’
5. Louis van Houtte ‘Short Excursion in the Mountains and the Virgin Forest of Brazil’ (part 1)
6. Charles Darwin, ‘The Struggle for Existence’
7. Henry David Thoreau, ‘The Succession of Forest Trees’
b) Environment
8. Louis van Houtte, ‘Short Excursion in the Mountains and Virgin Forests of Brazil (part 2)
9. Charles Naudin, ‘Egoism and Improvidence’
10. William Robinson ‘Nature’s Gardens: Niagara’, (part 2)
11. F. W. Burbidge ‘Collecting Orchids Abroad’
12. Jacob Forst, ‘The Cyclopolis in Bloom’
13. Edward Newman, A History of British Ferns (excerpts)
14. Thomas C. March, ‘Moss’
15. Francis Hope, A Plea for Mosses 1 and 2
Part 2. Experiment
a) Plant breeding and propagation
16. Jane W. Loudon, ‘Modes of Propagation by Division’
17. F. W. Burbidge, ‘Propagation’
18. John Lindley, ‘Leader on Hybridising'
19. Donald Beaton, ‘Geraniums’; ‘Naming New Plants and Crossing Old Ones’
20. Thomas Meehan, 'Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin' (review); 'Variations in Nature' (lecture)
21. Maxwell T. Masters, Leader on Darwin's Theory
22. Shirley Hibberd, ‘The Horticulture of Fifty Years’
23. William Bateson, ‘Hybridisation and Cross-breeding as a Method of Scientific Investigation’
b) Glass gardens
24. J. C. Loudon, ‘Forms of Hot-house Roofs’, ‘Details of the Construction of Roofs…’, Glazing of Hot-house Roofs’
25. Joseph Paxton, ‘Description of Victoria Regia House at Chatsworth’
26. Philip Henry Gosse, ‘The Palm-House’
27. Robert Fish, ‘Erecting a Greenhouse Adjoining a Residence’
28. ‘Hothouses for the Million’, advertisement
29. ‘Horticultural Buildings’, two images
c) Pipes, pumps and cement
30. Conrad Loddiges, ‘On Warming Hothouses by Steam’
31. 'On Heating Hot-houses'
31.1. James Main, ‘On Heating Hot-houses by Hot Water...' (and Loudon's response)
31.2.‘Weekes radiator, advertisement
32. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Gas Heating’,
33. J. C. Loudon, ‘On the Construction of Fountains for Gardens’
34. Joseph Paxton, ‘The Emperor Fountain at Chatsworth’
35. Freeman Roe, Hand-book of Fountains (excerpts)
36. ‘Observator’, ‘On the Construction of Artificial Rock’
37. Anon, ‘Artistic Grottoes and Rock Formations’
d) Garden implements and machines
38. Anon, ‘Tools and Instruments’
39. Jane W. Loudon, ‘Stirring the Soil’
40. Elizabeth Watts, Flowers and the Flower Garden… (excerpt)
41. Thomas Record, ‘Watering Contrivances’
42. James Glaisher, ‘On a Thermometer for Taking Temperatures at the Roots of Plants’, ‘On a Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer’
43. The Lawnmower
43.1. J. C. Loudon, ‘Budding’s Machine...’
43.2. 'Green's Patent', Advertisement
43.3. William Paul, Handbook of Villa Gardening (excerpt)
43.4. Max de Nansouty, ‘Gardening and Automobilism’
44. Henry Steuart, The Planter's Guide; Or, A Practical Essay on the Best Method of Giving Immediate Effect to Wood (excerpt)
45. William Barron, ‘On Transplanting Large Trees’
e) Deterrents
46. J. C. Loudon, ‘Machines of Defence’
47. Bird Deterrents
47.1. Peter Kendall, ‘On the Employment of Cats in the Preservation of Fruit from Birds’
47.2. George Fergusson Wilson, ‘Scarecrows’
48. ‘The Following Observations were sent by Mr. Dean in 'Scientific Committee, Report of meeting of 7 June 1872'
49. Ernest Prillieux, 'Report on the Use of a Mixture of Lime and Copper Sulphate against Mildew’
50. ‘Gishurst Compound’, advertisement and John Lindley, Leader
f) Fertilisers
51. Isaac Emmerton, ‘Composts 1-8’
52. J. C. Loudon, ‘Hints for a Plan for Saving Manure Lost in the Common Sewers of London’
53. Victor Hugo, ‘The Intestines of Leviathan’
54. Guano
54.1. Anon, ‘New Manure Called Guano’
54.2. John Lindley, Leader, 'Adulterated Guano'
54.3. Anon, 'London Guano'
55. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Manures and Composts’
56. John Bennet Lawes, ‘Superphosphate of Lime’, ‘In What do the Fertilising Qualities of Bones Consist?’
Bibliography of sources
List of press sources
Bibliography of works cited
Index
Biography
Dr Brent Elliott was Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society from 1982 to 2007, and since 2007 has been the Society’s Historian. He is the author of Victorian Gardens (1986), Treasures of the Royal Horticultural Society (1994), The Country House Garden (1995), Flora: an Illustrated History of the Garden Flower (2001), The Royal Horticultural Society: a History 1804-2004 (2004), and most recently, RHS Chelsea Flower Show: a Centenary Celebration (2013). A former editor of Garden History, he is currently editor of Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library. He is a member of the Victorian Society’s Buildings Committee, and for 25 years was a member of the Historic Parks and Gardens Committee/Panel of English Heritage.
