1st Edition
Noncommunicable Diseases A Compendium
Noncommunicable Diseases: A Compendium introduces readers to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) – what they are, their burden, their determinants and how they can be prevented and controlled.
Focusing on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease and their five shared main risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution) as defined by the United Nations, this book provides a synopsis of one of the world’s biggest challenges of the 21st century. NCDs prematurely claim the lives of millions of people across the world every year, with untold suffering to hundreds of millions more, trapping many people in poverty and curtailing economic growth and sustainable development. While resources between and within countries largely differ, the key principles of surveillance, prevention and management apply to all countries, as does the need to focus resources on the most cost-effective and affordable interventions and the need for strong political will, sufficient resources, and sustained and broad partnerships. This compendium consists of 59 short and accessible chapters in six sections: (i) describing and measuring the burden and impact of NCDs; (ii) the burden, epidemiology and priority interventions for individual NCDs; (iii) social determinants and risk factors for NCDs and priority interventions; (iv) global policy; (v) cross-cutting issues; and (vi) stakeholder action.
Drawing on the expertise of a large and diverse team of internationally renowned policy and academic experts, the book describes the key epidemiologic features of NCDs and evidence-based interventions in a concise manner that will be useful for policymakers across all parts of society, as well as for public health and clinical practitioners.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Part 1: Describing and Measuring the Burden and Impact of NCDs
1. Global Burden of NCDs
Pascal Bovet, Colin Mathers, Nick Banatvala, and Majid Ezzati
2. Epidemiologic and Demographic Transition as Drivers of NCDs
Pascal Bovet, Fred Paccaud, and Sylvie Stachenko
3. NCDs and Sustainable Development
Nick Banatvala, Aidah Nakanjako, and Douglas Webb
4. Surveillance of NCDs and their Risk Factors: Principles
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Richard Cooper, and Leanne Riley
5. Surveillance of NCDs and their Risk Factors: Selected Tools
Leanne Riley, Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, and Melanie Cowan
Part 2: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions for Individual NCDs
6. Cardiovascular Disease: Burden, Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Kay-Tee Khaw, and K. Srinath Reddy
7. Cardiovascular Disease: Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, K. Srinath Reddy, and Kay-Tee Khaw
8. Hypertension: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Alta E. Schutte, Nick Banatvala, and Michel Burnier
9. Diabetes: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Isabelle Hagon-Traub, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Nicholas J.Wareham
10. Obesity: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Nick Banatvala, and Louise Baur
11. Cancer: Burden, Epidemiology and Principles for Priority Interventions
Hesham Gaafar, May Abdel-Wahab, Pascal Bovet, and André Ilbawi
12. Breast Cancer: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Miriam Mutebi, Karla Unger-Saldaña, and Ophira A. Ginsburg
13. Cervical Cancer: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Nick Banatvala, Neerja Bhatla, Silvina Arrossi, and Nathalie Broutet
14. Colorectal Cancer: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Jean-Luc Bulliard, Samar Alhomoud, and Dieter Hahnloser
15. Prostate Cancer: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Dario Trapani, Mariana Siqueira, Manju Sengar, Dorothy C. Lombe
16. Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Nils E. Billo, Nick Banatvala, Pascal Bovet, and Asma El Sony
Part 3: Social Determinants and Risk Factors for NCDs and Priority Interventions
17. Social Determinants of Health and NCDs
Ruth Bell, J Jaime Miranda, Jean Woo, and Michael Marmot
18. Tobacco Use: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Jude Gedeon, and Armando Peruga
19. Unhealthy Diets: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Francesco Branca, Pascal Bovet, Namukolo Covic, and Elisabetta Recine
20. Cholesterol, Saturated Fats and Trans Fats: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Roger Darioli, Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, and Kay-Tee Khaw
21. Dietary Salt and NCDs: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Michel Burnier, Nick Banatvala, and Leo Nederveen
22. Dietary Sugars and NCDs: Burden, Epidemiology, and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Eric Ravussin, and Leo Nederveen
23. Food Reformulation for NCD Prevention and Control
Chizuru Nishida, Rain Yamamoto, Eduardo A. F. Nilson, and Alison Tedstone
24. Nutrition Labelling for NCD Prevention and Control
Katrin Engelhardt, Chizuru Nishida, Jenny Reid, and Bridget Kelly
25. Physical Inactivity and NCDs: Burden, Epidemiology, and Priority Interventions
Estelle Victoria Lambert, and Fiona Bull
26. Harmful Use of Alcohol and NCDs: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Nicholas Bertholet, and Maristela G. Monteiro
27. Air Pollution and NCDs: Burden, Epidemiology and Priority Interventions
Julia Fussell, Sophie Gumy, Hualiang Lin, and Mala Rao
28. Infectious Diseases and NCDs
Nick Banatvala, Emily B. Wong, Giuseppe Troisi, and Antoine Flahault
29. Genetics and NCDs
Murielle Bochud, Ambroise Wonkam, Pascal Bovet, and Vincent Mooser
Part 4: Global Policy for NCD Prevention and Control
30. The WHO Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2000
Nick Banatvala and George Alleyne
31. United Nations High-Level Meetings on NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Werner Obermeyer, and George Alleyne
32. The WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2030
Nick Banatvala, Svetlana Akselrod, Pascal Bovet, and Shanthi Mendis
33. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
Douglas William Bettcher, Juliette McHardy, Pascal Bovet, and Adriana Blanco Marquizo
34. Best Buys and other Recommended Interventions for NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Pascal Bovet, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, and Melanie Y. Bertram
35. Accountability for NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Melanie Cowan, Manju Rani, and Leanne Riley
Part 5: Cross Cutting Issues around NCD Prevention and Control
36. Population and Individual Approaches for NCD Prevention and Control
Pascal Bovet, Nick Banatvala, Kay-Tee Khaw, and K. Srinath Reddy
37. A Life-Course Approach for NCD Prevention and Control
Julianne Williams, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Sumudu K. Kasturiarchchi, and Arnaud Chiolero
38. Universal Health Coverage and NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Kaspar Wyss, Patricia Akweongo, August Kuwawenaruwa, and Victor G. Rodwin
39. Financing and Allocating Resources for NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Victor G. Rodwin, Tseday Zerayacob, and Rachel Nugent
40. Making the Economic Case for Investing in NCD Prevention and Control
Anna Kontsevaya, Rachel Nugent, Alexey Kulikov, and Nick Banatvala
41. Fiscal Measures for NCD Prevention and Control
Franco Sassi, Ronald Cafrine, M. Arantxa Colchero, and Neena Prasad
42. Strengthening Health Systems and Service Delivery for NCD Prevention and Control
Cherian Varghese, Baridalyne Nongkynrih, Pascal Bovet, and Nick Banatvala
43. Screening and Health Checks for NCD Prevention and Control
Kevin Selby, Nick Banatvala, Pascal Bovet, and Jacques Cornuz
44. Access to Medicines for NCD Prevention and Control
Cécile Macé, David Beran, Raffaella Ravinetto, and Christophe Perrin
45. Access to Medical Technologies for NCD Prevention and Control
Adriana Velazquez Berumen, Nicolò Binello, Sasikala Thangavelu, and Gabriela Jiménez Moyao
46. Law and NCD Prevention and Control
Benn McGrady, Kritika Khanijo, and Suzanne Zhou
47. Changing Behaviour at Scale to Prevent NCDs
Theresa M. Marteau, Gareth J. Hollands, Devaki Nambiar, and Marcus R. Munafò
48. Promoting Health Behaviours at the Individual Level for NCD Prevention and Control
Paul Aveyard, Wendy Hardeman, and Robert T. Horne
49. Digital Technologies for NCD Prevention and Control
Surabhi Joshi, Cheick Oumar Bagayoko, Awa Babington-Ashaye, and Antoine Geissbuhler
50. Effective Communication for NCD Prevention and Control
Jaimie Guerra, Elorm Ametepe, Pascal Bovet, and Nick Banatvala
51. NCD Prevention and Control in Emergencies and Humanitarian Settings
Éimhín Ansbro, Nick Banatvala, Sylvia Kehlenbrink, and Kiran Jobanputra
52. The Role of Human Rights in NCD Prevention and Control
Lynn Gentile, Maria Chiara Campisi, and Nyasha Chingore
Part 6: Stakeholder Action for NCD Prevention and Control
53. Whole-of-Government Response for NCD Prevention and Control
Roy Small, Tamu Davidson, Conrad Shamlaye, and Nick Banatvala
54. Whole-of-Society Response for NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Roy Small, Pascal Bovet, and Cristina Parsons Perez
55. The Role of People Living with NCDs in NCD Prevention and Control
Johanna Ralston, Cristina Parsons Perez, Charity Muturi, and Catherine Karekezi
56. The Role of the Private Sector in NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Alan M. Trager, Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, and Téa Collins
57. The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in NCD Prevention and Control
Alan M. Trager, Ethan Simon, So Yoon Sim, and Nick Banatvala
58. Aid Effectiveness and the Role of Multilateral and Bilateral Development Agencies in NCD Prevention and Control
Nick Banatvala, Andrea Feigl, Nnenna Ezeigwe, and Dudley Tarlton
59. Leadership for NCD Prevention and Control
Pekka Puska, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Bharathi Viswanathan, and Nick Banatvala
Supplement 1. NCD Mortality Trends and Population Attributable Fractions
Supplement 2. Declarations of Interest from Authors and Editors
Biography
Nick Banatvala is the head of the Secretariat of the United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, in WHO, Geneva, that was established to bring the United Nations system and other inter-governmental organizations together to support governments in meeting the NCD-related Sustainable Development Goal targets. Nick is also an honorary professor at the University of Manchester, United Kingdom and honorary Senior Lecturer at Imperial College London.
Pascal Bovet is a senior consultant and former professor of public health at the University Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté) in Lausanne, Switzerland, and former head of the NCD Section and co-director of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases in Populations in Transition. Pascal has for many years advised governments across the world on preventing and controlling NCDs.
‘Placing NCDs permanently on the global development agenda is critical to improving people’s lives, opportunities, and future prospects, and advancing sustainable human development. The Compendium’s accessible style means that it will be a first port of call for health and development professionals, including ministers and parliamentarians, across low-, middle- and high-income settings.’
Helen Clark, Former Prime Minister of New Zealand and Former Administrator, United Nations Development Programme
‘Confronting the rising tide of NCDs requires the collective efforts of political, community and business leaders, as well as health and other professionals. This comprehensive compendium describing priority interventions, written by international eminent experts, is an excellent guide for all those leading the fight against NCDs.’
Danny Faure, Former President of Seychelles
‘NCDs are the greatest challenge facing global health—not only because they are a growing cause of multimorbidity among ageing populations, but also because their successful control touches on some of the most fundamental questions about the organisation of our societies. The role of the state. The meaning of freedom. And the personal responsibility we owe to each other for protecting our health and wellbeing. This compendium provides the definitive starting point for a debate that will define the 21st century.’
Richard Horton, Editor-in-Chief, The Lancet
‘This Compendium with concise and action-oriented chapters covers all the key issues around NCDs, and is an essential resource for all those working to improve health at global, national and local levels. Building on the well-established WHO-Lausanne NCD seminars, this practical book deserves a place on the desk of all those working to strengthen policy, programming, patient care, and advocacy.’
Lanka Jayasuriya-Dissanayake, Chairperson, Indira Cancer Trust; previously National Professional Officer (NCDs), WHO Sri Lanka; former WHO-Lausanne seminar participant
