Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity

Description

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, which express TLRs and whose activation by them... Read more

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the late 1990s ushered in a new age of discovery for innate immunity. The importance of TLRs for immunology and biomedical research was recognized with the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 2011. The prize was shared by three scientists: Ralph Steinman (for the discovery of dendritic cells, which express TLRs and whose activation by them provides a link between innate and adaptive immunity), Jules Hoffman (who made the pioneering observation of Toll in fruit fly anti-fungal immunity) and Bruce Beutler (who uncovered the role of TLR4 in the response to LPS). Work on TLRs inspired many researchers, and led to a search for other receptors in innate immunity. There are now several additional families of such receptors known, notably RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs). A notable feature is the detection of nucleic acids from pathogens, but also from host cells in certain contexts, particularly in autoimmune diseases.

Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity presents a timely and extensive account of the detection of nucleic acids in infection and inflammation. We have chapters by Beutler, Hoffman and Shizuo Akira, who is the most cited immunologist of the past ten years, for his work on innate immunity, which gives us an indication of the importance of the field. Several other pioneers in the field present comprehensive and highly lucid up-to-date accounts of their particular interests, revealing the large amount of activity in the past few years, as the literature continues to grow and become ever more complex. The fly yet again provides new insights, and anti-viral mechanisms in this key model organism are described. Other topics include the ability of viruses such as poxviruses, hepatitis C virus and HIV to interfere with detection and signalling; new insights into signalling including subcellular localization of signalling proteins, complex regulation o Read less

1. Antiviral Responses in Invertebrates 2. Overview of TLRs 3. Nucleic Acid-Sensing TLR Signaling Pathways 4. Alternative Regulatory Mechanisms of TLR Signaling 5. Intracellular Viral RNA Sensors: RIG-I Like Receptors 6. Contribution of LGP2 to Viral Recognition Pathways 7. The Mitochondrial Immune Signaling Complex 8. DNA Sensors and Anti-Viral Immune Responses 9. Mechanisms of Interferon Antagonism by Poxviruses 10. Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of HCV and HIV: Common Themes for Chronic Viral Infection 11. Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of Influenza A Virus 12. Autophagy in Antiviral Immunity 13. Synthetic and Natural Ligands of RLR 14. Antiviral Actions of Double-Stranded RNA 15. Ligands of Pathogen Sensors as Antiviral Agents

Author(s)

Biography

Dr. Prakash Sambhara

Nucleic Acid Sensors and Antiviral Immunity

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Author(s)

Biography

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