1st Edition
Opportunistic Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
This book provides an overview of background information on the epidemiology, biology, and pathophysiology of HIV infection. It presents the spectrum of HIV disease from acute infection to specific syndrome. The book reviews the management of specific opportunistic infections.
Series Introduction
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Part I: Introduction
The Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
George W. Rutherford
Introduction
Natural History of HIV Infection
AIDS in the United States
Conclusions
References
The African AIDS Experience in Contrast with the Rest of the World
Nathan Clumeck, Philippe Van de Perre, and Michel Carael
Which Viruses Are Involved in African AIDS?
Heterosexual Transmission: Risk Factors and Cofactors
Clinical Aspects of HIV Infection in Africa
Conclusions
References
Defects in Host Defenses in HIV Infection and AIDS: Characteristics and Pathogenesis
James P. Steinberg and John P. Phair
T-Lymphocyte Defects
Natural Killer Cell Activity
Monocyte/Macrophage Function
B-Lymphocyte Function
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function
Suppressor Substances
Pathogenesis
Clinical Consequences
Summary
References
Clinical and Laboratory Features Associated with Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Suzanne Crowe
Epidemiology
Clinical Features of Acute HIV
Laboratory Findings
Differential Diagnosis of HIV Mononucleosis
Diagnosis
Summary and Conclusion
References
Part II: Clinical Approach to the HIV-Infected Patient
General Approach to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patient
Michael Clement
Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Symptoms of HIV Infection
Laboratory Examination
Chemistry
Specific Clinical Presentations of HIV-Infected Patients
Summary
References
Neurologic Disease in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Robert M. Levy, Dale E. Bredesen, and Mark L. Rosenblum
Incidence of HIV-1-Related Central Nervous System Illness
Epidemiology of AIDS-Related Central Nervous System Illness
AIDS-Related Central Nervous System Syndromes
HIV-1-Related Central Nervous System Diseases
Multiple Intracranial Pathologic Process
AIDS-Related Peripheral Nervous System Syndromes
Diagnosis of AIDS-Related Central Nervous System Illness
Algorithms for the Evaluation of the Patient with AIDS and Neurologic Symptoms
References
Cutaneous Infections in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Clay J. Cockerell and Alvin E. Friedman-Kien
Viral Infections
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
References
Oral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Deborah Greenspan and John S. Greenspan
Fungal and Bacterial Lesions
Virus-Associated Lesions
Other Lesions
Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease
References
Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Peggy S. Weintrub and Gwendolyn B. Scott
Epidemiology
Maternal Transmission
Clinical Features
Immunology
Diagnosis
Management and Therapy
References
Part III: Viral Infections
Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Kim S. Erlich
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Presentation
Laboratory Diagnosis
References
Cytomegalovirus Disease in Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Mark A. Jacobson
Laboratory Diagnosis
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Cytomegalovirus Gastrointestinal Disease
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis
Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis
Cytomegalovirus Liver Disease
Cytomegalovirus Adrenalitis
Therapy for Cytomegalovirus Disease
Long-Term Outcome in AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Disease
References
Epstein-Barr and Other Viral Infections
Mark A. Jacobson
Epstein- Barr Virus Infection
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Adenovirus Infection
References
Part IV: Bacterial Infections
Bacterial Infections in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Jane E. Koehler and Richard E. Chaisson
Pathogenesis
Pulmonary Bacterial Infections
Other Bacterial Pathogens
Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections
References
Mycobacterial Diseases
Gisela F. Schecter
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium-Avium Complex
Other Atypical Mycobacterial Infections
References
Part V: Fungal Infection
Cryptococcosis in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Michael S. Simberkoff and Abigail Zuger
Cryptococcosis neoformans
Host Defense Mechanisms Against Cryptococcosis in AIDS
Prevalence and Organ Involvement in Cryptococcosis in AIDS
Clinical Manifestations of Cryptococcosis in AIDS
Diagnosis of Cryptococcosis
Treatment of Cryptococcosis
Prognosis
Maintenance Treatment
Future Directions
References
Endemic Mycoses
Michael G. Threlkeld and William E. Dismukes
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Blastomycosis
Disseminated Candidiasis
Prevention
Conclusions
References
Part VI: Protozoal Infections
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
Constance B. Wofsy
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Approach to Therapy
Prevention
References
Toxoplasmosis in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Joseph A. Kovacs
Life Cycle
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations in Immunocompetent Host
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations in Patients with AIDS
Histopathology
Laboratory Evaluation
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Therapy
References
Cryptosporidium spp. And Isospora belli
Pearl Ma
Cryptosporidium
Isospora belli
References
Ameba and Giardia Infections
Carolyn Peterson
Amebiasis
Giardiasis
Other Protozoans
References
Ancillary Services
Optimal Use of Diagnostic Laboratories for Evaluation of Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Valerie L. Ng and W. Keith Hadley
Background
Culture and HIV Detection
Diagnosis of Other Viral Illnesses
Bacterial Infections
Diagnosis of Fungal Infections
Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
Nonspecific Laboratory Tests of Questionable Utility
Conclusions
References
Index
Biography
Gifford Leoung, John Mills
